56 



side of a gentle slope. In both cases they were surrounded by othei 

 consocies of the same association, but were sharply separated from 

 them. 



The dominant species is Carex Mnhlenhcrgii. The bunches are 

 separate or rarely confluent and cover about three fourths of the 

 surface. Since there are few dead leaves beneath the bunches, and the 

 living leaves are mainly erect, there is abundant space for other 

 plants. Although four species of grasses are included, of which 

 tliree are typical bunch-grasses, they are so sparsely represented that 

 none can at any place be considered dominant. The following sec- 

 ondary species were noted . 



Panicinn pseudopubcsccns 

 Foa pratensis 



HcVianthus scabernnms 

 Hclianfhus occidentalis 



Bunch-grasses : 

 Lcptoloina cognatum 

 Pauicitm virgatum 



Perennials : 

 Lithospcruuini Gmelini 

 Pentstciuoii hirsiitiis 

 Solid a go lie in oralis 



Mat: 



Opnntia Rafiiicsqitii 



Interstitials : 

 Monarda punctata 

 Linaria canadensis 



The vernal aspect is characterized by Lithospcynuini Gniclini, the 

 serotinal by Monarda punctata, and the autumnal by Hclianthus oc- 

 cidentalis. The whole consocies stands out in sharp relief from its 

 surroundings because of the rich dark-green color of the dominant 

 species. 



Carex Muhlenbergii is also widely distributed throughout the 

 l)unch-grass association, and occasionally appears in large numljers 

 on the lee deposits of blowouts, and may take part in their stabiliza- 

 tion. That the consocies does not have this origin is shown by the 

 absence of Diodia teres and Tephrosia virginiana, the poor develop- 

 ment of Panicuni virgatum, and the presence of Opnntia Rafinesquii. 



Ambrosia psilostachya 

 Lactuca canadensis 



The Stipa spartea Consocies 



This consocies is developed in but one place in the Hanover area, 

 and is there of limited extent. 



