During the aestival aspect the bkie spikes of Ainorpha canescens, 

 the pink heads of Braiineria pallida, and the yellow flowers of 

 Oenothera rhouihipetala are veiy conspicuous. Lespedeza capitata is 

 especially abundant near the railroad, where the ground has been 

 somewhat disturbed. 



5. Havana area; on "Tower Hill", four miles (6 km.) north of 

 Topeka. Leptoloiiia cognatuui, Bragrostis pentinacea, and Bouteloua 

 Jiirsiita are the dominant species. These occupy about equal amounts 

 of space, but the Bouteloua is of course relatively inconspicuous. As- 

 sociated with the grasses are twelve secondai-y species, as follows. 



Perennials : 

 Tephrosia virginiana Liatris scariosa 



Callirhoe triangulata Aster sericeus 



Phlo.v bifida Aster linariifolius 



Pent stem on hirsutus 



Mats : 

 Opiintia Rafinesquii Antennaria sp. 



Interstitials : 



Silene antirrhina Crotonopsis linearis 



Lesquerella argentea Oenothera rhonibipetala 



Cassia Chaniaech rista 



6. Havana area; the "Devil's Neck", three miles (5 km.) north of 

 Topeka. The bunches are rather widely scattered, leaving a consider- 

 able portion of the ground space exposed. They are fonned by 

 Leptolonia cognatuui, Cyperus Schzveinitcii, and Panicnui pseudo- 

 piihescens. The latter is most abundant in the more open spots, in- 

 dicating the approach of blow conditions. But three species of per- 

 ennials are present, Tephrosia virginiana, Callirhoe triangulata, and 

 a few plants of Lespedeza capitata. Scattered mats of Opuntia Raf- 

 inesquii occur. The interstitial plants are numerous, corresponding 

 to the large space available, and consist of Aristida tuberculosa. Am- 

 brosia psilostachya, Crotonopsis linearis, Coninielina znrginica, Oeno- 

 thera rJionibipetala, Mollugo verticiUata, Cassia Chaniaechrista, and 

 Strophostyles Jielvola. The consocies here represents the last stage 

 before succession by the Panicuni pseudopubescens association, and 

 is probably also somewhat modified by pasturing. 



7. Dixon area; in a field near the railroad. The ground is more 

 or less carpeted with fine cinders discharged from locomotives. The 

 vegetation consists of large bunches of Andropogon furcatus, with 



