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Upland Hill Type. — The hill forests include a great deal of wood- 

 land that should be handled on a permanent basis for rough lumber, 

 farm timbers, cross-ties, and mine-props. In many cases the stand is 

 so depleted that any cutting must be deferred until it has grown denser. 

 Fire is the most serious obstacle to forestry in this type. 



In general, the following species should be favored on the better 

 situations, such as lower slopes : red and white oaks, tulip-poplar, 

 hickory, ash, and black walnut. Where the slow-growing beech can 

 be replaced by any of these trees, especially tulip-poplar, it should be 

 done. Other less abundant species, such as cucumber and black cherry, 

 are valuable where they occur. On poorer situations, black oaks, 

 hickory, and black locust are the trees to be preferred. 



Upland Plain Type. — In the oak-hickory forests it is well to 

 preserve all three of the principal species : white oak, black oak, and 

 hickory. Unless the proportion of white oak is high, it will usually 

 be advisable to favor the increase of this tree. In this case hogs must 

 be kept out during seed periods, since they prefer the sweet white oak 

 acorns to those of the black oak. 



The post-oak type must be managed for small material such as 

 fence posts preferably under a clear-cutting system with sprout repro- 

 duction. The blackjack must be cleaned out as far as possible, in favor 

 of post and shingle oaks. 



Early Wisconsin Terminal Moraine. — The management of the 

 forests on the Wisconsin terminal moraine should, in general, follow 

 the rules laid down for the southern upland forests. The chief 

 points to be emphasized are the removal of the overmature scattered 

 trees, the restriction oi grazing, and the attainment and preservation 

 of a dense forest cover on steep slopes. Where beech occurs it should 

 be discriminated against as much as possible without making too large 

 openings. 



The oak openings should be protected from grazing, and where 

 shingle oak forms a large part of the mixture, care should be taken 

 in opening the stand, as there is great danger of this species dying 

 from isolation and lack of sufficient shade. Planting may have to be 

 done where the steep hillsides have been denuded, especially where 

 erosion is taking place. 



Northern Illinois Types. — The same general plan of management 

 applies to the northern as to the southern forests. The bottoms will 

 hardly be managed for even a second cut, except outside the levees 

 or in places where good drainage is impossible. In such situations pin 

 oak may be managed for cordwood or ties by the clear-cutting method 

 with leaving of seed trees. Cottonwood for pulpwood and lumber, 

 and elm for lumber and staves, may be managed on the same system. 



