ArticIvE v. — The Vegetation of the Beach Area in Northeastern 

 lUinois and Soutlieastcrn JJ'isconsin. By Frank Cai.kb Gates.* 



Introduction 



During the university year of 1909-1910 at the University of Illi- 

 nois, the results of the two previous summers' work on the area be- 

 tween Waukegan, Illinois, and Kenosha, Wiconsin, were presented in 

 a bachelor's thesis, entitled "The Plant Associations of the Recent' 

 and Fossil Beaches of Lake Michigan between Kenosha, Wisconsin, 

 and Waukegan, Illinois." The first half of the present article is taken 

 bodily from that thesis, with whatsoever additions and omissions 

 seemed most advisable. 



The original article was written under the immediate superv'ision 

 of Dr. H. A. Gleason, now of the University of Michigan. To him 

 I am under the greatest obligations for innumerable suggestions both 

 in interpreting the data and in putting them in written form. To Dr. 

 H. S. Pepoon, of the Lake View High School, Chicago, to Dr. C. C. 

 Adams, of the University of Illinois, and to Prof. L. M. LTmbach, of 

 Northwestern College, Naperville, Illinois, I am indebted for sug- 

 gestions and other helpful features. The data for plotting the cli- 

 matic factors were obtained through the courtesy of the Chicago and 

 Milwaukee offices of the United States Weather Bureau ; and the 

 data for the levels of Lake Michigan, from the City Engineer's office, 

 in Chicago. 



The nomenclature used, is that of the seventh edition of Gray's 

 Manual, since that is the latest taxonomic work. 



The region under consideration is located near the northern limit 

 of the type of vegetation known as the Deciduous Forest Province-j- 

 and not very far from the eastern limit of an arm of the Prairie Prov- 

 ince.t At the same time it is near the southern limit of the North- 

 eastern Conifer Province^ and has within its area associations that 

 are relics of that province. 



*Submitted with spelling in accordance with the rules and recommendations of the 

 Simplified Spelling Board. 



tDeciduons Dicotylous Forest. Warming, 1909 1329 et seq. Deciduous Forest 

 Province. Gleason, 1910:43. 



JPrairie Province. Pound and Clements, 1898. Grass-steppe (Prairie). 

 Warming, 1909:285-86. Prairie Province. Gleason, 1910:43. 



§£vergreen Coniferous Forest. W^-vrming, 1909:315. Northeastern Conifer 

 Province. Gleason, 1910:43. 



