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dominant floristically. Such plants characterize the seasonal aspects 

 of the association. The late-vernal and estival aspects are given by 

 the orange flowers of puccoon {Lithospermum gmelini). This plant 

 has a very long (3 or more meters), bulky tap-root, from the crown 

 of which grow many spreading stems. It does not occur so frequently 

 in the typical parts of the association as it does in the tension line, 

 which the bunch-grass is rapidly pushing outwards. The serotinal as- 

 pect is characterized by the blooming of the yellow flowers of a gold- 

 enrod (Solidago ncuioralis). This plant also is much more charac- 

 teristic of the bunch-grass sand areas. The autumnal aspect is given 

 by the blooming of Sporoholus cryptandrus and of Artemisia caudata. 

 In addition to tliose secondary species that give character to the 

 different seasonal aspects, there are a few other species, typical 

 of different associations, that are of importance in showing the past 

 stages and in indicating the future successions. 



LIST or THE SPECIES OF THE 

 Dominant Species 

 Artemisia caudata 

 Panicmn virgatum 



Secondary Species 

 Cirsinm pitchcri 

 Lathyrus inaritimns 

 Buphorbia poly goni folia 

 Lithosperimun gmelini 

 Arcnaria stricta 



Relic Species 

 Euphorbia polygonifolia 

 Prunus pumila 



Invading Species 



Andropogon scoparius (at inter- 

 vals of 2-3 meters) 



Lithospermum gmelini 



Arenaria stricta 



Solidago nem oralis 



Liatris scariosa ( few ) 



ARTEMISIA-PANICUM ASSOCIATION 



Sporoholus cryptandrus 



Cycloloma atriplicifolium 

 Bquisctum hiemalc 

 Arabis lyrata 



Petalostemnm purpurcum f. are- 

 narium 



Calamoz'ilfa I on gi folia 



Potentilla fruticosa 

 Poa compressa 

 Aster dumosns 



Arctostaphylos nva-nrsi (few) 

 Juniperus horizontalis (a few 

 patches) 



THE BUNCH-GRASS ASSOCIATION 

 The Andropogon scoparius Consocies 

 Location and Physical Characteristics. — Immediately westward of 



