313 



association is characterized by the black oak, Quercus vclntina, which 

 is the only dominant species of this association in this region. Other 

 trees are virtually never present. Occasionally a few Piniis strobus 

 do remain as relics, and a few trees of Quercus macrocarpa and Q. 

 alba occupy a mound north of Winthrop Harbor. 



The Quercus velutina association, as it is found in the Beach re- 

 gion, accords in all essential particulars with Jennings's associations 

 of the same name on Cedar Point, Ohio, and Presque Isle, Pennsyl- 

 vania (1908 and 1909). The same association occurs throughout 

 Illinois and southern Wisconsin in glaciated land which is xerophytic 

 in nature. In different parts of its range other species of oak also 

 may become dominant, as, for example, Quercus marilandica in Mason 

 County, but Quercus velutina usually predominates. 



LIST OF THE SPECIES OE THE QUERCUS VELUTINA ASSOCIATION 



Dominant Species 

 Quercus velutina 



Secondary species which 

 Achillea millefoliuin 

 Amorpha canescens 

 Anemone cylindrica 

 Aralia nudicaulis 

 Arabis lyrata 

 Asclepias tuberosa 

 Asparagus oificinalis 

 Aster azureus 

 Aster sericeus 

 Baptisia leucantha 

 Ceanothus auiericanus 

 Celastrits scandens 

 Coreopsis lanceolata 

 Coreopsis palm at a 

 Desuwdium illinoense 

 Brigeron ramosus 

 Euphorbia corollata 

 Frag aria virgin iana 

 Gerardia grandiHora 

 Gerardia pedicularis 

 Heliantheniuni majus 

 Helianthus divaricatus 

 Helianthus occidentalis 



are most characteristic 

 LecJiea leggettii 

 Lupinus perennis 

 Lepachys pinnata 

 Lumda campestris inultiflora 

 Monarda Ustulosa 

 Monarda sp. ? 

 Mosses (unidentified) 

 Panicum scribncrianum 

 Pedicularis canadensis 

 Phy salts virginiana 

 Polygonatuni commutatnin 

 Potentilla arguta 

 Rhus toxicodendron 

 Rosa humilis 

 Rudbcckia Jiirta 

 Scrophularia Icporella 

 Scutellaria parvtda 

 Silene antirrhina 

 Silene st el lata 

 Smilacina stellata 

 Solid ago arguta 

 Solidago serotina 

 Taraxacum erythrosperuium 



