439 



rest of the surface is white excepting the compound eyes and ocelli, 

 which are already dark, — the compound eyes very dark, and the 

 ocelli a light brown. 



May II. The pupa has acquired a light brown tint all over. The 

 teeth of the mandibles are darker and the brown is beginning to go 

 back over the rest of the mandible. 



May 12. The general color of the body is a little darker. 



May 13. Still darker. 



May 14. The queen has emerged. 



This gives a period of 25 days for the queen pupa, the same as 

 that for the first few worker pupse. This female never seemed to 

 be healthy, and died on June 30. 



There were no more larvae produced by this colony. The rest 

 of the larvae continued to pupate and adults continued to emerge 

 until July 7. On that date there were no more cocoons in the nest, 

 and none of the larvae which were in the nest over winter. All the 

 adults which emerged were workers except the one female. There 

 were no males. 



April 4, I noticed for the first time a bunch of 40 or 50 eggs. 

 These were of course worker eggs, as there was no queen in the 

 nest. By May i there were several hundred eggs. May ill esti- 

 mated the number to be at least 500, and quite a number of them 

 had already hatched. By July 7 all the eggs had hatched, so there 

 were in the nest at that time only the workers and 500 or more 

 larvae, all being the offspring of worker eggs. No more eggs were 

 laid and none of the larvae pupated during the rest of the summer nor 

 the following winter, although I kept them all the time in a warm 

 room and gave them plenty of food. The first cocoons were spun 

 on July 4, 1910, when 8 of them were formed. The exact length 

 of the larval period could not be determined, but it must have been 

 more than a year, since a considerable number of the eggs had 

 hatched by July 7, 1909. July 18, 19 10, there were 30 cocoons in 

 the nest and a small bunch of worker eggs were laid. It had been 

 over a year since any eggs had been laid in the nest. More eggs 

 were laid later on — about 50 or 60 altogether; not nearly so many 

 as the year before. However, a large number of the workers had 

 died during the year and many of the larvae had been eaten, so that 

 the colony was not nearly so large as the year before. July 24 the 

 first adult emerged; a second, July 25 ; a third, July 26; and a fourth, 

 July 27. These were all males. This gives a pupal period of 20, 21, 

 22, and 23 days for these males. This nest was examined every 

 day during the summer. Cocoons continued to be formed and adults 



