Bi7'ds of European Russia north of the Caucasus. 255 



P. kuhlii, while (as noticed by Col. Irby) there appeared to 

 be another, though what it may be I am unable to suggest. 



115. PODICEPS CRISTATUS. 



Common at Masharalhaddar at the end of December. 



116. PODICEPS NIGRICOLLIS. 



A pair seen in company with P, cristatus at Masharal- 

 haddar. 



117. TaCHYBAPTES FLUVIATILIS. 



Common at Masharalhaddar and on the river which falls 

 into this lake, as well as in all other suitable localities, 



118. Alca torda. 



Abundant in Gibraltar Bay and in the Straits. 



XXII. — 071 the Geographical Distribution of Birds in 

 European Russia north of tlie Caucasus. — Part II. Rapaces 

 Nocturnse^. By M. Menzbier. 



Strix flammea. 



Like the Common Buzzard and Red Kite, the Barn-Owl 

 is distributed only throughout the western and south-western 

 parts of Russia. 



It is resident in Courland and is not uncommon in Poland, 

 but we do not know any thing of its breeding in the Upper 

 valley of the Dnieper. According to the testimony of many 

 of our ornithologists the Barn-Owl is a rare resident in the 

 Governments of Kharkov and Kiev, more commonly distributed 

 in the Government of Podolia, and numerous enough in Bessa- 

 rabia. East of the last-mentioned locality it only occasionally 

 occurs in the steppes of New Russia, probably as far east as 

 the Lower Dnieper. In Central Russia this species is a very 

 rare resident, except in the Government of Orel, whence it 

 strays into the southern part of the Government of Tula. 



Syrnium lapponicum. 



The Lapp Owl breeds regularly in the extreme north of 



* Continued from ' Ibis,' 1884, p. 31-5. 



