256 M. Menzbier on the Birds of European 



the large expanse of the forest country or the " Taiga," but 

 only accidentally further south. 



It is resident in Lapland and Finland as far south as lat. 

 Q7°, but in the southern portions of that countiy it is said 

 to be found only during the winter. It has been frequently 

 obtained in the Government of St. Petersburg, and it is a 

 resident in the large forests near Lake Peypus (lat, 59°) . It is 

 found and perhaps breeds in the eastern parts of the Govern- 

 ment of Pskov, and, according to Mr. Dzieduszycky, breeds in 

 the district of Dzisniensk, in the Government of Vilna flat. 

 55^°). In the Government of Minsk and in other parts of 

 Lithuania it is said to breed by Mr, Tyzenhaus, who informs 

 us that it has several times been observed in the Governments 

 of Grodno and Lublin ; consequently we must study the 

 breeding-range of the bird in North-western and Western 

 Russia more carefully, this country being very interesting 

 from a zoo-geographical point of view. During the winters 

 of 1866 and 1881 the Lapp Owl was found near Moscow, 

 and in one instance it was obtained at the same season in 

 the Government of Orel, 



East of Finland it is not rare near Archangel, and it is 

 found near Ustug and in the Government of Vologda, but 

 nothing is known of its breeding-range in the country be- 

 tween the Dvina river and the Ural. In the last-mentioned 

 locality the bird was obtained about 30 versts from Polevsky 

 Lavod, and, according to Mr, Pleske, during the winter of 

 1872 was obtained in Tevkelevsky Khutar, only 13 versts 

 from Orenburg. It is very possible that it breeds in the 

 Ural Mountains more to the south than we know of at 

 present. 



Syrnium uralense. 



The Ural Owl is common and resident in all the forests of 

 Northern Russia ; it is also a local breeding bird in Central 

 Russia, and in some instances has been found as far south as 

 lat, 54°-53°, 



It is more or less common and resident in all parts of 

 Finland and Lapland, from the Gulf of Finland in the south 



