258 M. Menzbicr on the Birds of European 



According to Mr. Shatilov, the Tawny Owl breeds in the 

 mountains of the Crimea. 



AsiO OTUS. 



The Long-eared Owl is distributed throughout almost the 

 whole of Russia with the exception of the more northern 

 part of the country. 



In Finland it breeds as far north as lat. 63°, but is common 

 only near the Gulf of Finland^ on the Oeland Islands, and near 

 Lake Ladoga. In the Government of Archangel the Long- 

 eared Owl is very rare, though it has been several times obtained 

 there, especially near Archangel. More to the east, in the 

 country between the Dvina and the Kama, its northern 

 breeding-limit is more south, and in the Ural Mountains this 

 Owl has been found only as far north as lat. 58^-59°. It is 

 very common throughout the whole of Central Russia, not 

 uncommon in the woods of Southern Russia, and is found 

 also on the northern slopes of the Caucasus. 



In the Crimea this bird is met with only during the winter. 



AsiO ACCIPITRINUS. 



The Short-eared Owl is distributed throughout Russia, 

 from the extreme north to the southern limit of the country, 

 where it breeds in the Crimea, as well as in the steppes of the 

 Government of Stauropol, and in the valleys of the Terek 

 and the Kuban. 



In Central and Southern Russia a few may be seen in 

 winter. 



Nyctale tengmalmi. 



Tengmalm's Owl is a very typical member of the avifauna 

 of Northern Russia, and breeds throughout the forest-country 

 as far south as the southern limit of the pine-forests {Pinus 

 sylvestris). 



It is common and resident almost throughout Finland, as 

 well as near Lakes Ladoga and Onega, and in Karelia ; but 

 in Northern Finland and in Lapland it is rare, though found 

 nearly as far north as the limit of forest-growth. In the 

 country about the Dvina it is common as far as Archangel ; 

 but more to the east, in the Governments of Vologda, Wjatka, 



