The Migration of North American Sparrows 



TWENTY-SECOND PAPER 

 Compiled by Prof. W. W. Cooke 



With drawings by Louis Agassiz Fuertes 

 (See Frontispiece) 



PYRRHULOXIA 



The Pyrrhuloxia is a non-migratory bird found in the southeastern United 

 States and Mexico. It has been separated into three forms: 



The Texas Pyrrhuloxia {Pyrrhuloxia sinuata texana) of southern Texas and 

 eastern Mexico. 



The Arizona Pyrrhuloxia {Pyrrhuloxia sinuata sinuata) of western Texas, 

 southern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and western Mexico. 



The San Lucas Pyrrhuloxia {Pyrrhuloxia sinuata peninsula) of the southern 

 part of Lower California. 



CARDINAL 



The Cardinal is most common in the southeastern quarter of the United 

 States. It is strictly non-migratory; indeed, it is one of the best examples of 

 that class. Many a Cardinal lives out its allotted term of years without ever 

 going ten miles from the place where it was hatched. Even at the extreme 

 northern limit of its range, it still remains throughout the winter. 



The Cardinal has been divided into several forms or subspecies, the prin- 

 cipal one of which, the Cardinal, occurs in the eastern United States north 

 to Long Island, northern New Jersey, Pennsylvania, northern Ohio (locally 

 in southern Ontario), northern Indiana, northern Illinois, and southern Iowa. 

 It has occurred casually in Massachusetts, Connecticut, Michigan, Wisconsin, 

 and Minnesota. The western limit is found in the eastern parts of Nebraska, 

 Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, and the species ranges south to include the 

 Gulf States and northern Florida. 



The other forms are the Florida Cardinal {Cardinalis car dinalis florid anus) , 

 inhabiting Florida, except the northern part. 



The Arizona Cardinal {Cardinalis cardinalis superbus), living in south- 

 eastern Arizona and the contiguous parts of Mexico. 



The Gray-tailed Cardinal {Cardinalis cardinalis canicaudus), occupying 

 central and southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. 



The San Lucas Cardinal {Cardinalis cardinalis igneus), found only in the 

 southern part of Lower California. 



In addition to the above, there are seven races of the Cardinal confined to 

 Mexico, the southernmost one reaching British Honduras. A closely related 

 species occurs in southern Mexico, and a very distinct one in northern South 

 America. The genus is wholly absent from the greater part of Central America. 



(171' 



