214 Mr. F. Du Cane Godman on the Resident and 



54. fPYRRHOCORAX GRACULUS (Linn.). 

 Pyrrhocorax alpinus, Vieill. ; "VV. & B. Orn. Can. p. 10. 

 Corvus graculus, Bolle, J. fiir Orn. 1854, p. 451. 

 Fregilm graculus, BoUe, J. fur Orn. 1857. p. 377. 



It is singular that this bird, which is so very common in the 

 island of Palma, should not occur elsewhere in the archipelago. 

 It breeds in the clefts of the walls of the old crater. I can de- 

 tect no difference between the Palma birds and those I have in 

 my collection from other parts of Europe. 



• 



55. tCoLUMBA TROCAZ, Hcinelcen. 



Brewster's Journ. 1829, p. 228 ; Jard. & Selb. 111. Orn. pi. 98. 



Trocaza trocaz, Bp. Consp. ii. p. 45 (partim) ; Vern. Hare. 

 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1853, xii. p. 58. 



Columba laurivora, W. & B. Orn. Can. p. 26, t. 3 (upper fig.). 



Trocaza houvryi, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. pp. 837, 948 (1856) ; 

 Icon, des Pig. t. 70. 



Hah. Madeira. 



This species is readily distinguishable by its large size, and 

 also by the silvery white semicircular patch which extends round 

 the back of the neck to each side. 



The synonymy of the large Pigeons of the Atlantic Islands is 

 involved in great confusion ; and no author, so far as I am aware, 

 has as yet assigned to their proper owners the various names that 

 have been given. To make this clear I will trace the history of 

 the synonymy throughout. 



Dr. Heineken, in Brewster's Journal of Science, 1829, p. 228, 

 in a short paper on the birds of Madeira, described the Pigeon 

 found in that island as Columba trocaz ; and this is the earliest 

 scientific notice we find of these birds. It therefore follows 

 that the name that must stand for the Madeira bird is Columba 

 TROCAZ, Heineken. Specimens of this same bird were afterwards 

 sent from Madeira to Messrs. Jardine and Selby, and were 

 figured in their ' Illustrations of Ornithology,' pi. 98, under Dr. 

 Heineken's name. 



We now come to Webb and Berthelot's ' Ornithologie Cana- 

 rienne,' where the Pigeon of the western group of the Canary 

 Islands and that of Madeira are confounded together under the 



