432 Messrs. Salvin and Sclater's Index to the 



known expedition. 141 species are mentioned ; and at the end 

 of the article the dates of amval of several migratory birds in 

 Algeria and England are given. The Plate illustrates Parus 

 ledoucii. 



2. A Natural History Tour in Spain and Algeria. Trans. 



Norf. & Norw. Soc. 1871, pp. 35-48. 

 The notes on birds in this paper are most of them included 

 in the above. 



Haast, Julius. 



1. Moas and Moa-hunters. Trans. N.-Z. Inst. 1871, pp. 

 66-107. 



In this paper (divided into three parts) the author gives his 

 reasons for assigning an earlier date than that sought to be fixed 

 for the existence of the various species of Dinornis and its allies 

 in New Zealand. His arguments are thus summed up in his 

 own words : — 



1. The different species of Dinornis or Moa began to appear 

 and flourish in the Postpliocene period of New Zealand. 



2. That they have been extinct for such a long time that no 

 reliable traditions as to their existence have been handed 

 down to \is. 



3. A race of autochthones, probably of Polynesian origin, was 

 contemporaneous with the Moa, by whom these huge 

 wingless birds were hunted and exterminated. 



4. A species of Wild Dog was contemporaneous with them, 

 which was also killed and eaten by the Moa-hunters. 



5. They did not possess a domesticated dog. 



6. This branch of the Polynesian race possessed a very low 

 standard of civilization, using only rudely chipped stone 

 implements, whilst the Maoris, their direct descendants, 

 had, when the first Europeans arrived in new^ Zealand, al- 

 ready reached a high state of civilization in manufacturing 

 fine polished stone implements and weapons. 



7. The Moa-hunters, who cooked their food in the same manner 

 as the Maoris of the pi-esent day do, were not cannibals. 



8. The Moa-hunters had means to reach the northern island, 

 whence they procured obsidian. 



