278 Dr. Sclater on the Geographical Distribution 



On the other hand, the wanderers from the East, such as Turdus 

 naurnanni^, T. atrigularis, T. ruficoUis, T. pallens, and T. sibi- 

 ricus, most of which have occurred several times in Europe, 

 though more strictly belonging to the fauna of Central Asia, 

 may be with propriety introduced into the European list as 

 " accidental visitors/' Some of the European species (such as 

 T. iliacus) extend likewise far into Central and North-eastern 

 Asia; but when we arrive in Amoorland and approach the con- 

 fines of China, we find that a total change in the species has 

 taken place. Out of the seven Thrushes recorded by Dr. v. 

 Schrenck as found in this country, not one is a truly European 

 bird ; and in addition to the Siberian species already mentioned, 

 we meet with T. daulias and T. chnjsolaus, both originally de- 

 scribed from Japanese specimens. 



In Japan, Turdus cardis occurs, besides 2'urdi sibiricus, dau- 

 lias, fuscatus, pallens, and chrysolaus, which have been already 

 adverted to as likewise occurring more to the westward. In 

 China, Mr. Swinhoe's researches f have already brought to light 

 Turdi sibiricus, daulias, pallens, and chrysolaus, as being met 

 with more or less regularly during the winter and spring migra- 

 tions : Turdus mandarinus is a common resident, and represents 

 our Blackbird : T. cardis occurs during migration, and was found 

 nesting at Macao {antea, p. 37). I am not aware that the more 



* Dr. V. Schrenck, who does not usually err on the side of admitting 

 too many species, records in his ' Amur-reise ' (i. p. 353) the occurrence in 

 Amoorland of the true T. naumanni of Temminck (T. dubius, Naum., nee 

 Bechst.), and states his decided ojnnion as to its distinctness from T. fus- 

 catus of Pallas. The latter is figured as T. naumanni hy Mr. Gould in his 

 'Birds of Europe' (vol. ii. pi. 7^)j as T. fuscatus in his 'Birds of Asia' 

 (part iv.), and as T. eunomus hy Temminck (Pi. Col. 514). The former 

 (T. naumanni, verus) is figured in Naumann's 'Nat. d. Vog. Deutschl.' 

 pi. 68. fig. 1, and pi. 358. fig. 2. I am inclined to think that Mr. Gould 

 has done wrong in uniting these two species. Turdus fuscatus is a well- 

 known Japanese bird, and, as Dr. v. Schrenck informs us, tlie "commonest " 

 of all the genus in Amoorland. Of T. naumanni, on the other hand, but one 

 example was obtained in Amoorland, and it appears to be a more western 

 bu-d, which occasionally straggles into Europe. See Homeyer's article in 

 ' Rhea,' ii. p. 155 et seq., and Naumann's own explanations on this subject 

 in ' Naumaunia,' vol. i. pt. 3, p. 11, and pt. 4. p. 4. 



t See ' Ibis,' 1860, p. 56, et 1861, p. 23. 



