of the European Ornis, and its Causes. 



295 



Some few of these species occur both in the north-east of Africa 

 and the south-west of Asia, or in the north of Asia as well as in 

 North America, so as to render their origin not quite certain. 



Besides these, nearly 70 other exotic species have been re- 

 ceived into the Eui'opean fauna by different ornithologists, with- 

 out the least justification ; these must be omitted in our sum- 

 maries. 



About 25 of them were introduced as European by Bonaparte 

 and Brehm merely on supposition, on the ground of the possibility 

 of their occurrence ; as, for example, 



Gyps hippellii, Br. 

 Aquila brehniii, Br. 

 Cotyle cahirica, Wurt., Br. 

 Turdus libonyanus, Br. 

 Otocorj's bicornis, Br. 

 Carduelis orientalis, Br. 

 Chrysomitris pistacina, Bp. 

 Corvus umbrinus, Br, 

 Podoces panderi, Bp. 



Zenaida carolinensis, Br. 

 iEgialites indicus, Br. 

 Ilj-ljsibates leucocephalus, Br. 

 Totanus guttifer, Bp. 

 Rhyncliaca variegata, Br. 

 Halieus africanus, Br. 

 Uriacarbo, Bp. 

 Mormon corniculata, Bp. 

 &c. 



Upon the arbitrary principle of such an augmentation of the 

 European fauna there can only be one opinion — that it is not 

 legitimate 1 Is not almost anything possible ? Let us wait, 

 therefore, until it has actually taken place. 



A great many exotic species have been erroneously received 

 into the fauna of Europe, either by mistaking one for another, 

 or entirely without reason. Criticism has definitely decided 

 upon most of them and excluded them, but we find them for 

 the most part still carried on in the most recent catalogues, as 

 if there were no doubt about their occurrence 

 we reckon, — 



Amongst these 



