4 PROCEED iXGS OF THE 



where there is but little soil for its support. Mr. Cryer has found 

 it growing on what was almost bare rock ; it has the habit of 

 thrusting its roots into the cracks and crevices of rocks or between 

 the stones and rocky fragments. Wherever he has found it, with 

 one exception, there has been little or no depth of soil. 



Mr. Cryer has compared P. austriaca, Crantz, a closely allied 

 species in Kentish localities, and points out that the latter has a 

 less condensed habit, with smaller, uniformly lilac-blue flowers, 

 more scattered on the stem ; cauline leaves smaller, less pointed 

 at the apex ; and only traces of a basal rosette of leaves. 



The Eev. John Gerard, S.J., and Dr. A. B. Eendle referred to 

 certain interesting points raised by this exhibition. 



The paper of the evening was by Mr. Hoeace W. Mokcktox, 

 Treas. & V.-P., "On the Fjaerlands' Fjord, Norway." 



During the past summer the Author spent a fortnight at 

 Mundal on the Fjaerlands Fjord, and he had paid short visits to 

 the same place in previous years. The fjord is a long arm running 

 from the Sogne Ijord in a north-easterly direction, and snow- 

 fields lie near the fjord on both sides, though at a considerable 

 altitude above it. Mundal is about 90 miles from the open sea, 

 but Fucus grows well on the rocks and foreshore and Mytilns and 

 Gardinm floui'ish. 



In August 1898 the Author found a colony of Mya arenaria, 

 Linn., living on the foreshore a little above low-water mark at the 

 head of the fjord ; and he exhibited some specimens at the Meeting 

 of the Society on January 19th, 1899 (Proc. Linn. Soc. 1898-9, p. 6). 

 Last August he could not find any living shells, though they might 

 possibly have been found had he been able to carry his examination 

 below low-water mark. He, however, found a large number of 

 dead shells remaining in the muddy sand in the position of life, 

 with the valves united and filled with sand or mud. Fossil-beds 

 with the shell in the position of life are occasionally met with. 

 Mr. H. B. Woodward mentions an instance in the Crag at 

 Bramerton Common, near Norwich (" Greolog_y of the Country 

 around Norwich," Mem. Geol. Survey, 1881, p. 82); and the 

 Author thought the Fjserland case a good example of such a fossil- 

 bed in process of making. 



The Author then drew attention to the question to what extent 

 the snow-fields and glaciers of Norway can be looked upon as relics 

 of the Glacial Period, and in this connection he referred to a 

 paper by Mr. J. Eekstad, of the Norwegian Geological Survey 

 (" Skoggraenseus og sneliniens storre hoide tidligere i det sydlige 

 Norge," Norges geol. Undersogelse, No. 3fi, Aarbog for 1903: 

 Kristiania, 1903). Mr. Eekstad quotes several authors who have 

 recorded the occuri'ence of trunks and relics of the Scotch Fir 

 {Finns sylvestris) in bogs at a level much above the present top- 

 most limit of that tree; and he infers that the topmost limit of 

 the tree has sunk as much as 1100 feet in the central part of 

 Southern Norway. The question then arises : If the limit of the 



