52 PEOCEEDINGS OP THE 



The algological result was that the Kara Sea possessed a special 

 algal flora, consisting of elements from Novaja Semlija, Spits- 

 bergen, the Arctic, and Ochotsk Sea. Before this, it was supposed 

 that the slight salinity of the Kara Sea was insufficient to support 

 mai'ine algae, and in reporting his results, Kjellman said, " It is 

 reserved for future enquirers to solve this problem," but he 

 himself after no long interval was to solve it. 



Erom 1874 to 1877 he occupied himself diligently in exploring 

 the west coast of Sweden, which he had previously visited during 

 winter; and he did not restrict himself to systematic research 

 only, but also to the life-history and distribution. Founded on 

 these researches he published his ' Ueber die Algenvegetation 

 des Murmanschen Meeres,' and ' Ueber Algenregionen und Algen- 

 formationen im ostlichen Skager Rack ' in 1878 ; dividing the 

 sea-bottom into littoral, sublittoral, and elittoral regions, and 

 distinguishing algal formations in the neighbourhood of the coast. 

 Kjellman's point of view has found general acceptance with 

 algologists. 



In 1878 he again left Sweden to take part in the famous 

 Swedish polar expedition, the voyage of the ' Vega.' That vessel 

 left Karlski'ona on the 22nd June, 1878, and reached Goteborg 

 harbour, finally weighing anchor the 19th August. On the 

 28th September at Pitlekaj she became locked in the ice till 

 28th July following, when she was freed from her fetters. On 

 the 24th April, 1880, she reached Stockholm, after having circum- 

 navigated Asia for the first time. 



During this long period Kjellman, Avith his well-grounded 

 knowledge and good powers of observation, had the best 

 opportunities for research in unknown seas and countries, and 

 toward the solution of interesting questions. A chief feature 

 of succeeding years was the increased scientific production due 

 to his ' Vega ' voyage. In the first place he published his botanic 

 observations from Pitlekaj and other parts of Siberia, and gave 

 a host of interesting data on the plant-life of this little-known 

 part of the Arctic circle. Of the higher plant-vegetation we 

 have of his, ' Om vaxtligheten pa Sibiriens nordkust,' ' Sibiriska 

 nordkustens fanerogamflora,' and other reports which appeared 

 in the ' Vega ' publications. Of special value is the work ' Ur 

 polarvaxternas lif ' (1883), for which his arctic travels provided 

 the material; but from this date, algology assumed the chief claim 

 upon his attention, and in the year jusb mentioned came out 

 his most comprehensive "Norra Ishafvets Algflora" in the 

 Stockholm Haudhngar, of 431 pages and 31 plates, part being 

 in the English language. In this memoir Kjellman treats of 

 259 species in 111 genera, and the number of new species is 

 considerable. Many of these plants were found to be as large 

 and luxurious as those occurring in the Atlantic. 



By this work Kjellman secured a high place amongst the 

 students of marine algae, side by side with the great workers, as 

 the two Agardhs, and J. E. Areschoug. After several memoirs of 



