Notes on the Plumage of North American Birds 



241 



above, whitish tinged with buffy or pale yellow below. The male has a brownish 

 breast-patch, but this is wanting in the female. There appears to be a spring 

 molt in which this plumage is exchanged for that of the mature bird. 



Our Alaskan Yellow Wagtail is a form of the east Siberian (B. f. leuco- 

 striatus) bird and there is a third form {B. /. flavus) in Europe. 



American Dipper {Cindiis mexicanus unicolor, Fig. 5). — The male and 

 female Dipper are alike in color, and their winter plumage differs from their 

 summer plumage (Fig. 5) only in having the underparts and ends of the inner 

 wing-quills margined with whitish. The nestling Dipper is more or less buffy 

 below, especially on the abdomen, while the crown is practically as gray as the 

 back. 



After the postjuvenal molt through which it passes into first winter plu- 

 mage, it more nearly resembles the adult, but the head is grayer and the throat 

 whiter. Representative forms of the Dipper are found in Mexico and in 

 Costa Rica. 



LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH 

 Photographed by A. A. Allen, Ithaca, N. Y. 



