290 



Bird - Lore 



FALL MIGRATION, Continued 



LOCALITY 



Number 

 of years' 

 record 



Onaga, Kans 10 



]\Iissoula, Mont.* 



Pumpkin Butte, Wyo.* 



Fort Laramie, Wyo.* 



Yuma, Colo.* 3 



Denver, Colo.* 



Number 

 LOCALITY of years' 



record 



Laredo, Tex.* 



Brownsville, Tex.* 



Raleigh, N. C i 16 



Average date of 

 last one observed 



.\ugust 26 



September 24 



Latest date of 

 last one observed 



September 15, 191,3 

 October 12, 1915 

 November 18, 1859 

 September 9, 1857 

 October 2, 1906 

 November 2, 19 10 



Average date of 

 fall arrival 



September 6 



Earliest date of 

 fall arrival 



September 8, 1866 

 October 6, 1892 

 August 21, 1886 



Notes on the Plumage of North American Birds 



FORTY-NINTH PAPER 

 By FRANK M. CHAPMAN 



Northern Shrike {Lanius borealis, Figs.* i, 2). — In nestling plumage the 

 Northern Shrike is brownish gray above, paler and with dusky wavy markings 

 below; the prominent black cheek-stripes of the adult are dusky and the lores 

 are grayish. The wings and tail are dusky black, the wing-coverts, inner wing- 

 quills and central tail-feathers being tipped with rusty. 



At the postjuvenal molt the wings and tail are retained and the rest of the 

 plumage replaced by the first winter dress. This bears a general resemblance 

 to that of the adult female. Breeding plumage is acquired by a limited amount 

 of feather change about the front part of the head and by loss through wear 

 of the brown wash on the back and dusky markings below. The young male 

 now differs from the adult male mainly in the brownish wings and tail. 



At the postnuptial (second fall) molt these, with the rest of the plumage, 

 are shed and the second winter or fully adult plumage gained. The female 

 passes through a similar series of plumage changes, but it is always more or 

 less barred below and in first winter dress is decidedly brownish above. 



Females and males in first winter plumage (Fig. 2) may be known from the 

 Loggerhead or the Migrant Shrike by their larger size, brownish upperparts, 

 and wave-marked underparts; adult males, by their larger size, paler upper- 

 parts, and grayish, not black, lores and forehead. 



Loggerhead Shrike (Laniiis ludovicianiis, Fig. 3). — The nestling Logger- 

 head has the brownish wash and dusky wavy markings of the Northern Shrike. 

 These are especially noticeable on the underparts, but they practically disap- 

 pear with the postjuvenal molt which, according to Dwight, involves the tail 

 and the rest of plumage but the wing-quills. First winter plumage is prac- 

 tically indistinguishable from that of the adult. The prenuptial molt is re- 

 stricted to the front parts of the head, and, as the season advances, the 

 plumage shows the results of wear. Unlike the Northern Shrike, the male and 

 female are alike in plumage. 



*Fig. I represents the fully adult male; I'ig. 2, the young of both sexes in first winter piuma§Q, 



