in Various Species of North American Birds. 61 



markings anywhere. Prom a specimen in my collection shot at Upton, 

 Me., August 4, 1874. This bird was so young as to be scarcely able to fly, 

 and. with the rest of the brood, was attended by the female parent. 



Adult in autumn: male. Similar to adult in spring, but with the yel- 

 low of the under parts much more intense, and the black spotting on the 

 breast slightly clouded by the yellow tipping of the overlapping feathers. 

 From a specimen in my collection shot at Upton, Me., August 29, 1874. 



Young in autumn: male. Pileum and back greenish-olive ; nape and 

 rump bluish-ash, slightly tinged with olive. Centres of a few feathers on 

 the forehead and cheeks, with a continuous line along the side of the neck 

 to the breast, dusky-black. A broad band of very small spots (each one 

 not more than one cpuarter of the size of those exhibited in the adult 

 plumage) across the upper part of the breast black. Otherwise similar to 

 the adult. In "History of Birds of North America," Vol. I. p. 320, Mr. 

 Ridgway says, " In the young [these spots] are obsolete." 



39. Geothlypis Philadelphia. 



First plumage : female. Remiges, rectrices, etc., as in adult. Rest of 

 upper parts, with wing-coverts and sides of head, dull reddish-brown, 

 becoming almost cinnamon on the back, and tinged strongly with ashy on 

 the pileum. Entire under parts light reddish-brown, most pronounced 

 on the abdominal and anal regions, becoming lighter on the throat, and 

 darker, with a strong olive suffusion, on the breast and sides. No appre- 

 ciable maxillary or supra-orbital stripes. From a specimen in my collec- 

 tion shot at Upton,.Me., August 11, 1876. This bird was very young ; in 

 fact, barely able to fly. A slight doubt exists in my mind as to its iden- 

 tity, for I did not actually see the parent birds feed it, though both were in 

 the immediate vicinity and exhibited much solicitude. This specimen is 

 separable from the corresponding stage of G. trichas by the ashy cast of 

 the pileum and the absence of brownish on the sides. 



Autumnal plumage : young male. Entire upper parts olive-green, the 

 feathers of the pileum and nape being just tipped with this color and 

 showing plainly the ashy underneath when disarranged. Sides of head, 

 with broad bands extending down each side of the throat and nearly meet- 

 ing across the jugulum, ash, washed with greenish-olive. Sides, with a 

 broad connected band across anal region and breast, dull olive-green. 

 Rest of under parts, with central areas of throat and jugulum, very clear 

 rich yellow, intensifying into a spot of orange on the breast. In two 

 specimens (both males) a yellow tipping of the feathers on the jugulum 

 nearly conceals much black underneath, which becomes conspicuous when 

 the plumage is slightly disarranged. 



Autumal plumage : yi iiing female. Similar to the male, but with a more 

 olive cast to the green of the dorsal aspect, less ashy on head, and the 

 spot on the breast of richer, deeper color, and broader diffusion. The 

 young of both sexes in autumnal plumage have the upper and lower eve- 



