142 Recent Literature. 



it is identical, and Mr. Saunders now unites macrotarsa, reducing all the 

 "Gull-billed" Terns to one. 



4. Sterna fluviatilis, Naum. 



S. hirundo, L. in part, and of most authors. — Larus bicolor, L. sterna, L. 

 coltimbinus, Scop. — S. fluviatilis, Naum. — 8. senegalensis, Sw. — S. vAlsoni, 

 Bp. — SS. macrodactyla, macroptera, Bias. — S. dougalli, Layard nee auct. 



Probably no one thinks of separating the American bird now ; but it 

 was otherwise then. 



5. Sterna macrura, Naum. 



S. hirundo, L. in part. — S. paradisea, Briinn (nee auct.). — S. macrura, 

 Naum. — <$'. arctica, Temm. — S. brachypus, Sw. — S. pikei, Lawr. [jn/kii, 

 Bp. ]. — S. portlandica, Ridgw. 



The general impression seems to be that S. hirundo, L., is a composite 

 species with which it is best to have nothing to do. 



6. Sterna forsteri, Nutt. 



S. hirundo, Sw. & Rich, nee auct. — S. havelli, Aud. (fide Coues). 



7. Sterna dougalli, Mont. 



*S'. paradisea, Keys. & Bias, and authors, nee Briinn. ; macdougalli, douglasi, 

 of some. — S. gracilis, Gould. — ? Larus polo-candor, Spamn. 



This name must stand in place of the more usual paradisea; for 

 Briinnich's bird was an Arctic Tern ; the Roseate is not a boreal bird. 



8. Sterna cantiaca, Gm. 



S. africana, Gm. — S. boysii, Lath. — S. canescens, Mey. & Wolf. — »S". 

 acuflavida, Cabot. — Thalasseus cantiacus, Boie. — Actochelidon cantiacus, 

 Kaup. — Thalasseus canescens, Th. candicans, Brehm. — Thai, aeuflavidus, 

 Coues. 



I long since relinquished my early attempt to separate aeuflavidus. 



9. Sterna elegans, Gamb. 



Thalasseus elegans, Gamb. — Sterna comata, Phil. & Landb. — S. galcriculata, 

 Scl. & Sal v., Coues, partly, nee Licht. 



I am glad to find that we may after all revert to Gambel's name, by 

 which the speciea was long known. I followed S. & S. in changing to 

 galericulata in 1872-74 ; but according to Saunders, from examination of 

 the type, the latter is a synonym of maxima (=regta, Gamb.). 



10. Sterna maxima, Bodd. 



S. maxima, Bodd. = P. E. 988. — 8. eayennensis, Gm. — S. cayana, Lath. 



— S . galericulata, Licht. (tyj xamined, H. S.). — 8. erythrorynchos, Wied, 



— S. crislata, Sws. (type examined, II. S.). — S. regius, Gamb. — S. bergii, 

 Irby, nee auct. — Thalasseus cayanus, Bp. Thai, regius, Gamb. — Phcetusa 

 Bp. - Thai, galerieulatus, Bias. - - Tlml. eayennensis, Gray. 



Tbia large Tern, which proves to inhabit Africa as well as the wanner 

 parts of America, lias given much trouble. In 1872-74, I declined to 

 follow S. & S., 1871, in identifying regia, Gamb., with Buffon's bird, con- 

 Bidering that caspia might be in question, but I was apparently at fault 



