LINNEAN SOCIETY OF hOyDOyi. 47 



tributed articles. In 1 8G0, some years after his father's death, 

 he founded the present Royal Nurseries at Waltham Cross. At 

 a provincial show at Manchester, in 186f), he delivered a lecture 

 in which he gave the results of his practice in "improving" 

 parsley, Brussels sprouts, asters, and hollyhocks, as well as his 

 roses ; this lecture forms a part of his ' Contribution to Horti- 

 cultural Literature ' in 1892, mostly reprints of his papei's. He 

 possessed a good collection of horticultural and scientilic works, 

 and was well acquainted with the old writers on gardening and 

 botany. He was elected a Fellow on 18th November, 1875 ; and 

 although he rarely attended the evening meetings, he frequently 

 made use of the library. [B. 1). J.] 



KuDOLF Amandl's Philippi, who died in the closing hours of 

 23rd July, 1904, was our oldest Foreign Member, though elected 

 so recently as the 2nd May, 1895. He was born at Charlotteuburg 

 on 14th September, 1808, and received his early training, first 

 four years at Tverdun, then at the Berlin Gymnasium zum Grauen 

 Klosten ; in 1825 he entered the High School as student of 

 medicine, and attended the lectures of Mitsclierlicb, Link, Wieg- 

 mann, and Alexander von Humboldt, and took his degree in the 

 spring of 1830, in his twenty-second year. To widen his know- 

 ledge, he travelled south to Naples and Marseilles, visiting the 

 hospitals, and making acquaintance with various men of science. 

 In the course of his travels he explored Sicily, crossing it repeatedly, 

 and twice ascending Etna. He returned to Berlin in 1833, and 

 set himself to work up the results of his journeys. He became 

 Professor of Natural History and Geography in the Gewerbeschule 

 at Cassel in 1835, and was married in the same year to Anna 

 Krumwiede, but his domestic happiness was soon disturbed by 

 sickness. In the winter of 1836-37 he was attacked by influenza, 

 a consequence of which was spitting of blood in the following 

 summer, which obstinately resisted medical treatment in the 

 severe climate of Northern Germany. Accordingly, in April 1838, 

 he and his wife started for Italy by way of Bavaria, and they 

 settled for a time in Naples, where his son Friedrich, afterwards 

 so efficient a help to his father, was born. The pulmonary 

 haemorrhage gradually ceased, and his strength returned ; he was 

 thus able to undertake a journey through Apulia, Calabria, and 

 Sicily, to supplement his former observations. The homeward 

 round was by Marseilles, Lyons, and Switzerland. 



On his return to Cassel he busied himself in issuing his travels 

 in Italy, and an extensive work on Mollusca, and some years passed 

 by quietly. The stormy years of 1848 broke up this quietude, 

 for though Philippi took no part in poHtical movements, he found 

 himself involved in the currents caused by strong passions working 

 in a small society. At this juncture his younger brother Bernard 

 begged him to come out to him in Chile, where a fresh opening for 

 scientific work had recently been made. After the suppression 



