71 



of the spots and blotches, either along the costa or transversely to 

 the wing ; (4) reduction in size of spots and blotches ; (5) absence 

 of discal spots; (6) variation in size, colour, shape, and presence of 

 marginal spots ; (7) size ; (8) shape. 



Taking these groups in detail as thus outlined, I have made- an 

 attempt to fit in the various named forms, so far as I have been able 

 to trace them. This, however, is somewhat of a difficulty, as time 

 has not permitted me to trace the names to their original descrip- 

 tion, and the characteristic features of some of the forms in different 

 authors do not agree. 



Ground Colour. — The intensity of the orange red varies in 

 depth and richness, and by the diminution of the yellow clouding 

 to absence causes it to become more effective as a colour, ab. 

 (lismlor, Heine, has ochreous yellow ground ; ab. herrmanni, Herrm., 

 has pale ochreous yellow ground ; ab. einbryonalis, Solow., has 

 greyish yellow ground ; ab. conKentanea, Jachont., has a lighter 

 greyish yellow ground ; race iclmusa, Stgr., has a deep red ground ; 

 ab. turcica, Stgr., has a uniform bright red, as also has the dwarf 

 tiircicoides, Stgr. ; ab. mlmonicolor, Rayn., has a salmon-coloured 

 ground ; ab. alba, Rayn., has a white, or very pale ground. ; ab. 

 ioformis, Reuss, io-coloured ; ab. hrunneo-violacea, Rayn., brown- 

 violet ; ab. darinifa, Rayn., bright rufous ; ab. fulva, Rayn., reddish 

 fulvous; ab. ii/iiea, Rayn., fiery red; ah. latericolor, Hayn., hv'ick- 

 coloured; ab. Intea, Rayn., buff; ab. riibmchrea, Rayn., reddish- 

 ochreous ; ab. ohsciira, Rayn., dull, dusky red ; ab. jiolijcJdnn'den, 

 Rayn., colour of pob/chloros ; ab. teatudlnea, Rayn., deep rich 

 tortoishell. 



Fore-wings. — Ab. flarotessellata, Rayn., pale yellow central area, 

 extending from costa to inner margin ; ab. radiatata, Rayn., with 

 veins in central reddish area much blackened ; ab. fitrii/ata, Rayn., 

 with black horizontal streak between 2nd costal spot and inner 

 marginal spot ; ab. caertdapicata, Rayn., with pale chalky-blue 

 apex ; ab. ftdvoinanjinata, Rayn., outer margins edged with fulvous ; 

 ab. ;irinei)iiiart/inata, Rayn., outer margins edged with grey ; ab. 

 fasciato, Reuss, a light band across the wing. 



Melanic Forms. — These may be produced either by a general 

 darkening of the whole colour scheme, or by an increase of the 

 area covered by the black markings. (1) Of the first : ab. .teli/sii, 

 Donck., has all markings dulled, no yellow tints, hindwing shaded 

 black ; ab. infnscata, Rayn., with all the dark markings much 

 intensified. (2) Of the second : ah. urncttii, Corcelle ; ah. polaris, 



