87 



row of white spots. It is distasteful, and birds and lizards do not 

 eat it. It is found throughout the greater part of Asia and Africa. 



" H. uiisippus, male, is black with large white spots, and totally 

 unlike its mate, which very closely resembles D. chnjsii)fius in colour 

 and markings, and in whose company it usually flies. Being edible 

 H. )iiui/ijiHs thereby escapes its natural enemies. The male, being 

 a fast flier, can take care of itself. Its range is more extensive than 

 D. chn/sippus, and includes America — but only in its type forms. 



"Elsewhere both species, 1). chri/aippim, males and females, and 

 H. uiisipjiiis females vary along parallel lines, (1) the black tips with 

 white spots disappear and produce the ilorippiis form of chri/xiiipns, 

 and the inaria form of iiiisippus. (2) The hindwings become white 

 and produce the alcippiix form of ehrysippus and the aleijipoides form 

 of iiiisippii<t. Intermediate forms also occur. 



" Of course, to complete the theory of protective resemblance the 

 several forms of each should accompany one another ; generally 

 speaking this does not appear to happen. In a large collection from 

 W. Africa (Ashanti), where all the c/iri/sij>pi(s were of the alriji/ias 

 form, the few females of misijipiiK were all typical, while the only 

 specimen I have of the alcippoides form of uiisipjHis was found in a 

 collection from E. Africa (Nairobi), where all the chryaippus were of 

 the (lorippits form. 



■' The inaria form of niisippus I show are (1) from N. Nigeria, 

 where the form of chrysijipas was alcippiis, and (2) from S. Africa, 

 where chiysippKs is usually darker in colouring than anywhere else." 



Mr. A. W. Mera exhibited (1) a short series Tephrosia crcpiiticn- 

 laiia, bred during March and April, 1919, from a female taken at 

 Cranley Down, Essex, July 6th, 1918. 



(2) A varied series of T. biundidaria, bred during April and May, 

 1919, from a somewhat melanic female taken in Epping Forest, 

 May, 1918. A large number of the specimens showed a decided 

 melanic tendency, which as far as he knew is of quite recent 

 development in the Epping Forest district. 



(8) Hybrids from a melanic male T. biundidaria, and a typical 

 female T. crepuscnlaria. One or two of them emerged early in July, 

 a few more in August and September, increasing in numbers in 

 October and November, the last date being the 23rd of this month, 

 so that probably there are still more to come. The striking feature 

 is that most of them are more melanic than the male parent, and 

 that the later emergences are larger and darker than the earlier 

 ones. 



