71 



of the polymorphic Papilio memnon from the Indo-Malay region, and 

 the former read a paper on the species, of which the following is a 

 summary : — 



" The Group, of which P. memnon is the chief member, has 

 about fourteen species to which the subdivisional (or subgeneric) 

 name of Iliades has been applied. It is one of the most typical 

 and interesting groups in the Malay Papilioninae, and is distributed 

 from continental India and the Malay Peninsula throughout the 

 Malay Archipelago. It was in relation to the species of this group 

 that Wallace first formulated his celebrated conclusions as 

 to the dimorphism, trimorphism and polymorphism of the 

 female sex, conclusions that were subsequently accepted and 

 corroborated by Trimen, who made similar observations in South 

 Africa, and since supported by W. H. Edwards in N. America, who 

 has shown similar variation in species belonging to that fauna. 



" The form known as P. a<ienor, L., often indistinguishable 

 from typical P. laeiinKui, was considered by Linne to be a distinct 

 species, because he described P. iiieiimon from the male and P. 

 agenor from the female, and at the same time considered the male 

 of the latter to be a mere aberration of P. memnon of which he did 

 not know the other sex. In 1776 Cramer figured and named the 

 male P. agenor as P. androgeos. Subsequently Hiibner, aware that 

 Cramer had described and figured in 1775 another Papilio under 

 the name P. androijens, gave the name of Iliades mentor to Cramer's 

 figure ((? of P. agenor, L.). 



" If we treat the various " species " erected by Butler, Distant, 

 Eothschild, and others as local forms, there stand out (teste Dr. 

 Jordan in Seitz) four or five main subspecies with several sub- 

 sidiary ones, each of the former having a considerable number of 

 local female forms attached to it. These are with their localities 

 as follows — 



A. Main subspecies : (1) /'. mciinioit, L., from Java, Borneo, 

 Banka, etc., with 5 f laomednu, Cr., ? f achates, Sulz., etc. ; (2) P. 

 agenor, L., from Continental India, Burmah, Sikkim, Malacca, 

 China, etc., with 5 f esjieri, ]3tlr., J f alcanor, Cr., ? f cilix, Dist., 



? f achates, Cr., etc. ; (3) P. anccns, Cr., from Sumatra, Nias, etc., 

 witla ?f eribinus, Haase, etc.; (4) P. pryeri. Roths., from Loo 

 Choo Isles ; (5) P. merapu, Dohr., from Sumba. 



B. Subsidiary subspecies: (6) P. oceani, Dohr., from Engano ; 

 (7) P. perlncidiis, Friih., from Lombok, etc. 



C. Aberrational and seasonal forms. 



