LINNEAJf SOCIETY OP LONDON. 6^ 



similar post in the Eoyal London Ophthalmic Hospital. In 1851 

 he became full Surgeon, a position which he also soon afterwards 

 attained in King's College Hospital. After practising for some 

 years as a general surgeon, he was induced, by the advice of his 

 friends, to devote himself entirely to the diseases of the eye. 

 In this branch of surgery he has established a brilliant and well- 

 earned reputation, both as an operator and as the successful 

 introducer of novel modes of treatment. 



As a microscopist his manual dexterity was remarkable ; and 

 to him is due the credit of being the pioneer of microscope work 

 in the Medical School of King's College. His capacity for close 

 and careful observation was probably in a large measure inherited 

 from his father, Mr. John Eddowes Bowman, who attained con- 

 siderable distinction as a naturalist. 



Sir "William Bowman contributed to the Eoyal Society some 

 important researches, which are now ranked as brilliant disco- 

 veries, on the structure and movements of Voluntary Muscle, 

 which were followed later by equally valuable investigations on 

 the structure of the Kidney, of the Mucous Membrane of the 

 Alimentary Tract, and other anatomical subjects, especially on 

 the Liver and the Eye. 



He was elected a Pellow of the Eoyal Society in 184<1, and 

 subsequently served in the office of Vice-President. He received 

 one of the Eoyal Medals in 18J!2. Honorary degrees were con- 

 ferred upon him by the Universities of Cambridge, Dublin, and 

 Edinburgh ; and he was a Member of numerous medical and 

 scientific societies both in this country and abroad. In 1884 

 he was created a Baronet in recognition of his professional 

 eminence. 



He was elected a Eellow of this Society in 1866. He died on 

 March 29, 1892, at Joldwynds, his house near Dorking, fi'om an 

 attack of pneumonia. 



Philip Heebeet Caepentee, the fourth son of the late 

 Dr. William B. Carpenter, C.B., F.E.S., was, in every sense of 

 the word, a naturalist by birth. He ioherited to a remarkable 

 degree the love of nature, the clear logical reasoning, and the power 

 of ready exposition so eminently characteristic of his distinguished 

 fatlier. Born at Westminster on February 6th, 1852, he was 

 educated at University College School and Cambridge, where he 

 entered as Scholar of Trinity College in 1871, and graduated in 

 the First Class of the Natural Science Tripos in 1874, proceeding 

 to the further degrees, M. A. in 1878 and D.Sc. in 1884. Between 

 1875 and 1877 he studied at the University of Wiirzburg, and in 

 the latter year was appointed Science Master at Eton, a jjost 

 which he held until his death. Apart from his academic training, 

 Herbert Carpenter may be said to have been brought up in the 

 very atmosphere of research ; for at the age of sixteen he accom- 

 panied his father on the celebrated deep-sea dredging-cruize of 

 H.M.S. ' Lightning ; ' and in 1869 and 1870 he took part in the 



