Li:jfNEAX sociEri' or loxdox. 39 



forms in tlie two sections, has kindly added the notes which express 

 what is known on this point. The table shows that on the w bole 

 the tonus of Section I are more dyslegnic than those of Section 11, 

 but that one common feature in the patterii, the yellow bar of 

 the hind wing, is generally eulegnic and often more so than in 

 Section II. Now this bar is shown by Dr. Eltringham, for reasons 

 which do not apply to Section II, to be probably ancestral in 

 Section I. It must further be added that Dr. Eltringham shows 

 that, with the possible exception of H. jpachinus, all the forms in 

 Section I mentioned in the Appendix are the races of a single 

 species, and that the same is true of groups of forms in Section II 

 such as the races of II. erato and sa/ipJio. Such evidence of recent 

 change being common in Section II as well as I renders the table 

 less applicable as a test of dyslegnia in relation to mimicry. 



The facts in these IJcliconina' support the conclusion that the 

 dvslegnic pattern is commonly found where there has been recent 

 change as shown by close relationship with other forms, exhibiting 

 sligiitlv different patterns. Of course I" do not assert that tht; 

 euleg:iic pattern never changes, only that dyslegnia is the usual 

 accompaniment of change. Thus the Danaine model Amaurls 

 niauius, so often alluded to, has a pattern which is eulegnic except 

 below the hind-wing cell ; this is just the part which undergoes 

 change, the border which advances, proelucing an immensely 

 larger white marking on the east coast. Not only tliese, but the 

 western race with a comparatively small patch and individuals 

 from the east of the A'^ictoria Nyanza with an intermediate patch, 

 are all dyslegnic along the corresponding border. On the other 

 hand the small spot in the fore-wing cell remains eulegnic 

 throughout although it too increases in size on the east. But 

 this is ati extremely small change as compared with the other. 



The dyslegnic pattern is also commonly found in single aber- 

 rations and in vestigial spots and markings. It predisposes to 

 change and tends to persist as a register of change. It is often 

 correlated with another predisposing cause of change — variability 

 of colour. 



E. Female Mimicry *. 



It is here well to reprint the whole of a passage of which the 

 latter part is as a rule only quoted. On p. 22 of his great piiper 

 (18(35) Wallace, after describing the mimetic likeness of the 

 females of certain Eastern Papilios to other presumably specially 

 protected Fapiiios, continues : — 



" The last six cases of mimicry are especially instructive, because 

 they seem to indicate one of the processes by which dimorphic 

 forms have been produced. When, as in these cat-es, one sex 

 differs much from the other, and varies greatly itself, it may 

 happen that occ:isionally individual variations will occur having 

 a distant resemblance to groups which are the objects of mimicry, 



* See also the author's "Charles Darwin and the Origin of Species," 

 London. 1909, pp. 132-9. 



