LINNEA.N SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. 3 



as Brasstca oleracecc and Spergularia rupestris ; or leathery-leaved 

 species, as Thalictram minns, Cotoneaster vulgaris, and Hedeva 

 Helix. (6) Limestone pasture, with the dominant species Festaca 

 oviiia, accompanied by many of tlie common chalk-down species. 

 Characteristic plants are IlcUanthemum caniim f., Spinea F'dl- 

 2)eadula, Veronica spicata var. ligbrida, and Spiranthcs aatuuiiudis. 

 Locally small woods of Qaercits sessUiJfora occur, though usuall}'' 

 confined to siliceous soils. Exposure effect. 



II. The Vegetation of the Siliceous Soils, (a) The Quercus 

 sessilijlora woods, with associated trees as Betula spp. and Pijrus 

 Auciqjaria. AVhere the water-content is high, but the soil not 

 acid, Fraxinus becomes common. As a result of felling or ex- 

 posure Betula pid>esGens may become the dominant tree. The 

 average light-intensity in summer is about 7*6 per cent, of the 

 maximum diffuse illumination outside. The shrub layer is usually 

 poor. The flora of the drier parts largely consists of heath 

 species ; in the wetter and more acid parts, Vacciaiam Myrtillus 

 is often abundant ; towards the base of the slopes the ground 

 flora is often almost entirely cryptogamic. Epipliytes as Pohj- 

 podium vidgare, Fridlania spp., and lichens are often abundant. 

 In the valley bottom the Quercus sessili/Iora woods merge into 

 Alnus woods, with a light-intensity of about 3 per cent, or under. 

 (h) Scrub chiefly of CraUcgus. 



III. The Subalpine Vegetation. («) The subalpine lakes with 

 Siihidaria aquatica, Lobelia Dortmanna, Littorella lacustris, and 

 Isoetes, with absence of marginal vegetation. (6) The subalpine 

 pastures (Nardus, Lgcopodiara spp,, etc.). 



Mr. r. N. Williams, Mr. C. E. Salmon, Dr. A. P. Young, 

 Prof. J. W. H. Trail, and Dr. O. Stapf took part in the discussion 

 which followed, Dr. Sahsbury replying. 



December 16th, 1915. 

 Prof. E, B. PouLTOX, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. 



The Minutes of the General Meeting of the 18th November, 

 1915, were read and couflrmed. 



Mr. Edward Thomas Browne, Mrs. Beatrice Stuart, and 

 Miss Harriet May Eobinson, were admitted Fellows. 



Mr. Alexander Eodger was proposed as a Fellow. 



Mr. Mohamad Maula J3aksh, B.A. (Oxon.), Dr. Alfred Bishop 

 Hitchins, Mr. Thottakat JNarayana Menon, and Mr. liobin John 

 Tillyard, M.A., B.Sc, F.E.S., were elected Fellows. 



Mr. Edwin S. Goodrich, F.E.S., Sec.L.S., read a paper on the 

 reproduction of Proiodrllus, criticising the account given by 



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