KEY TO AMERICAN INSECT GALLS 71 



(d) Not globular or conical 

 Very hard, ovate or elongate, woody, polythalamous twig swelling on 

 Q. chrysolepis. Fig. 65, 9-13. Beutm. 'oge, p. 281 



Cynipid. Compsodryoxenus brunneus Ashm. 

 Globo-cylindrical, cellular twig galls attached by a broad base and with cuplike 

 expansions, yellowish or greenish brown, frequently black and dirty, diameter 

 6 mm, on scrub oak. Gillette '93, p. 30, Beutm. '09a, p. 39 



Cynipid. Disholcaspis perniciosa Bass. 

 Ovate or budlike, monothalamous, green or red, fleshy gall on trunks of young 

 trees or stems of veiy young shoots, length 5 to 6 mm, diameter 3 to 3.25 mm, 

 on Q. rubra, Q. v e 1 u t i n a. Beutm. 'lie, p. 211 



Cynipid. Andricus rugulosus Beutm. 



(4) Woody, a central kernel and the outer substance of the gall chambered, clustered 

 Clustered, elongate, fusiform, monothalamous twig galls, the interior corky, 

 filamentaceous, length i .5 to 2 cm, diameter i cm, on Q. rubra, Q. cinerea 

 Q. coccinea. PI. 3, fig. 2. Bassett '64, p. 679 



Cynipid. Andricus formosus Bass. 



b Galls distinctly woody, with the structure of typical bullet galls and clustered in compact and 

 characteristic masses about the supporting twig 



Clustered, compressed, somewhat fig-shaped, yellowish brown twig galls covered 

 with a feltlike substance, on Q. v i r g i n i a n a. Fig. 64, 2-5. Beutm. 

 '09a, p. 40 



Cynipid. Woolly fig gall, Disholcaspis ficigera Ashm. 



Closely compressed clusters of twig galls covered with a rust-colored, velvety 



substance, spongy internally, reddish brown, length of masses 25 to 50 mm, 



diameter 16 to 38 mm, onQ. macrocarpa, Q. minor and Q. 



c h a p m a n i. Fig. 63, 10, 11. Beutm. '09a, p. 41. 



Cynipid. Disholcaspis spongiosa Karsch 

 Clustered, dark reddish brown twig gall, the mass resembling an irregular 

 nubbin of red dent corn, on Q. v i r g i n i a n a. Bassett '00, p. 329 



Cynipid. Loxaulus spicatus Bass. 

 Globose twig enlargement, diameter 12 mm, composed of a series of monothala- 

 mous, brown, wedge-shaped, closely fitted cells, on Q. b i c o 1 o r, Q. 

 macrocarpa. PI. 3, fig. 5. Osten Sacken '62, p. 254 



Cynipid. Lobed oak gall, Cynips strobilana O. S. 

 Rounded or crown-shaped, monothalamous, pale green twig gall, soft when 

 fresh, becoming hard after drying, thick-walled, diameter 6 to 12 mm, length 

 8 to 12 mm, onQ. palustris, Q. aquatic a. Beutm. '07, p. 464 



Cynipid. Andricus coronus Beutm. 



c Galls in compact cluster around the twig but bladd6rhke and not woody as in the last group 

 Numerous soft, thin-shelled, yellow, red or brown twig galls frequently closely 

 pressed together and somewhat resembling figs, on Q. alba, Q. p r i n o i d e s 

 and Q. p r i n u s. Fig. 66, 84, i, 2. Beutm. 'o9d, p. 244 



Cynipid. Oak fig gall, Biorhiza forticornis Walsh 



