50 GEXKIJAI, KdlTlXK WoKK 



other nationalities. Of these, the Egyptians, the majority of them engaged in 

 military service, are tlie most numerous. The Southern Sudan is the home of the 

 negro tribes — the Dinkas, Shilluks, Xuers, Xyuaks, Niam-niams, and many others. 

 It is hopeless with c.nv present knowledge to proceed to any kind of a classification, 

 and none will be attemj)ted. 



I. — Diseases Appkarixg fimm ax Examination or the Blood 



Malaria (native name, A ///»;//« = fever). — All three forms of the malaria 

 parasite have been seen. The most common have the benign tertian and the 

 malignant tertian, the latter appearing as small ring forms and crescents. (Quartan 

 is rare and is probably acquired in Egypt or elsewhere, not in the Sudan. Cases 

 from up the Niles, and especially from the White Xile, show the small ring and 

 crescent forms most frequently. Typical ague attacks occur, but are not often 

 seen. Remittent fevers seem to be the rule in the southern districts. Enlarged 

 spleens due to malaria are numerous. Captain Cunnnins, E.M.C., found a large 

 percentage of children in the Bahr-El-Gliazal affected in this \\ay. A high per- 

 centage of large mononuclear leucoc}i;es is fi-equently found in the blood of 

 natives, or Egyptian soldiers who have sei'ved up coimtry. \'^ery few cases have 

 been seen in which such white corpuscles contained pigment. Chronic splenitis 

 sometimes leads to a very considerable enlargement of the spleen. It will be 

 interesting to see if the new blood parasite, Leishmania Dotiovani, is to be found 

 in cases of splenomegaly. ' I'rofessor Ross has suggested to me that it might be 

 well tn look for it in monkeys. 



Filariasu seems to be rare in the Xoi-thern Sudan, although CiiJex fatiiiana 

 abounded in Khartoum before preventive measui'es were adopted. I have oidy 

 seen one case of elephantiasis [da el fee/). It was in the leg of a Dinka, but 

 his blood showed no filaria embryos. 



As Mansonia uniformis exists in considerable nvunbers along the banks of 

 the Blue Xile, south of "Wad ^ledani : in veritable swarms on the AVhite Nile, 

 south of Abbas Island, and all along the Sobat, Baro and I'ibor Rivers and 

 the reedy shores of Lake Xo, one would expect to find al)undant evidence of 

 filarial infection. Gross lesions^ such as lymph scrotum, chylocele, varicose 

 groin glands, and elephantiasis of the legs are not visible to the passing 

 traveller even if he looks out for them. I had no opjjortunity of examining 

 the blood of natives, nor, so far as I know, has anv work been done on this 

 subject in these regions. 



TriipanosomiaMx has not been encountered. Trypanosomes possibly occur 

 in the blood of uati\es living close to the more tropical parts of tlie AVhite 

 Xile. Xo trypanosomes were found in the blood of several siluroid fish examined. 

 GloKKwa palpalis has not been found in the Sudan. Glflf<fiina yiiorsitann occurs 

 in tlie Bahr-I']l-(iha/.al, and is numerous in some parts. 



' It has now been discovered in si single case at Onuiiirmnn by Dr. Slictliold Neave, vide B.M.J. 2SI!>/04 



