iVl (iENKKAI. lidl'I'INK \V<i|;l< 



ftiuiid ill lliis wiitci', tlmiigli some of it has Ik'cii ccutrifugt'd and exaiiiiiicd. 'I'lic^ 

 iiiil\- (iiiicr wiitLT drank was that fruiii the Blue Nile, the general sdiirci' of supply 

 for KhurtuLun. The urines of all the boys (73 in number) attending the sclujol 

 have been examined and 17 per cent, have been found to suffer in like mannei'. 

 It is important to note that most of these boys were in the habit of bathing in 

 the Blue Xile. 



Captain Ensor reports cases from the Kassala district in Arabs \\\\u had j)ri'- 

 sumably not been in Eg}'pt. They may have visited Abyssinia. 



Calculus (N(i(/(/a misana) is common. Soft uratic stones are the rule ; but 

 phosphatic and uric acid calculi occur. Much of the underlying strata in the 

 Sudan consists of limestone, and the well waters are hard. Blue Nile Avater issues 

 from amongst the granitic rocks of Abyssinia. 



Pyelitis. — A form of pyelitis, due apparently to the irritation pi-oduccd l)y 

 concentrated urine, occurs. Captain Ensor teUs me it is of common occurrence, and 

 to be attriljuted to the above cause. The symptoms are slight fe\'er, a general 

 feeling of malaise, sharp pricking at the point of the penis, Avith some spasm towards 

 the end of micturition, and a dull boring pain in the region of the affected kidney. 

 Rest in bed, a milk diet, free flushing, and dry cupping in the lumbar region soon 

 cause relief and cure. 



IV. —Diseases Appearing from an Examination of the Sputum 



Pulinoitary Phthisis [Sil rheowe, durran)? — Very common amongst the native 

 Sudanese. No doubt due to the fact that they live in ill-ventilated mud dAvellings, 

 the main object of Avhich is to exclude the powerful rays of the sun. !Most frecpient 

 amongst Avomen and children, as might be exjjected. 



Asthma. — Bronchial asthma seems to be unknown in the Northern Sudan 

 Avhere the dry climate is good for catarrhal asthmatics. I have knu\\'n two 

 instances of British officials, previously martyrs to the disease, avIio have not 

 had an attack since coming to the country, in Avhich they have noAv been 

 resident for a consideral)le time. In the damp regions to the south the disease 

 is sometimes encountered. 



Gangrene of Lun<i. — 1\\\^ mQm.^ rather common, as is cancrum oris. In one 

 instance the puhnonary gangrene occurred in a case of mycetoma. 



V. — Diseases Aiteaking fko.m an Examination of the Skin 



Lcproiy (Goya in). — i'robably occurs all over the Sudan. There are a 

 good many lepers in Omdurman and Kassala. The tuberculous variety seems to 

 be the more common form to judge Ijy the leper photographs sent me by 

 Dr. Christopherson. Fish is largely eaten by dwellers on the Niles, and I under- 

 stand that the natives are none too particular about its condition. There is said 

 to be leprosy in Avaterless Kordofan. In this connection one may mention 



' Whore tberc is both au Egyptian and Sudanese name, the latter is i^ut second 



