MORSE: ORTHOPTERA OF NEW ENGLAND. 253 
the various groups of animals and plants according to their respec- 
tive needs, but the general extent and features are the same. 
The Boreal zone is characterized by a low temperature and great 
humidity. These conditions are found in New England on high 
mountains and in damp forests, swamps and bogs of lower eleva- 
tion in the cooler parts of the district. Beginning on the coast 
of Maine a few miles east of Portland this zone includes the im- 
mediate shore and low-lying bogs in the adjoining country, the 
seaboard eastern townships, and much of the country along the 
eastern border of the State to the latitude of Mattawamkeag; 
thence its southern boundary runs southwestward to the New 
Hampshire line a few miles north of the Androscoggin River, 
encircles the White Mountain group by a southward detour, 
returning in the Connecticut Valley to nearly the same latitude, 
thence swings westward to the Green Mountains, including all the 
higher mountain tops of Vermont and much of their slopes, as 
far south as Greylock in Massachusetts, whence its western 
boundary runs nearly north and south, leaving the Champlain 
Valley in the Transition zone. 
The Boreal zone is subdivided into a lower or southern Cana- 
dian belt, an intermediate Hudsonian or Subalpine belt, and a 
higher Arctic-alpine or barren-ground area comparable in con- 
ditions and in plant and animal life with the far North. The 
last-named area is restricted to the summits of Mt. Katahdin 
and the higher members of the Presidential Range of the White 
Mountains above timber-line. The Hudsonian includes the nar- 
row belt of dwarfed trees immediately below timber-line on the 
higher mountains; and the Canadian zone the remainder of the 
boreal. Dr. Allen, in writing of the distribution of New Hamp- 
shire birds, divides the Canadian zone into upper and low^er parts, 
charactei'ized by different species and conditions. 
But few Orthoptera are found in the Boreal zone. The most 
characteristic species living there in New England is the White 
Mountain Wingless Locust, Podisma glacialis. This inhabits the 
Hudsonian and Canadian portions of the zone from the summits 
of the White Mountain group to the sea-level swamps at Roque 
Bluff, Maine, and occurs, stranded as it were in mid-air, on the 
extreme tops of Mt. Ascutney in Vermont and Mt. Greylock in 
Massachusetts. The Northern Curve-tailed Bush-katj^did, Scud- 
