MORSE: ORTHOPTERx\ OF NEW ENGLAND. 267 
brighter, provided repressive measures are undertaken early in 
the active life of the insect. 
When the topography permits, i.e., in level fields free from 
stumps and stones, the use of hopper-dozers and hopper-catching 
machines is helpful, fairly effective, and on a large scale more eco- 
nomical. The cost of poisoned baits and their application in 
quantity ranges 'from 25 to 40 cents per acre; the expense of a 
hopper-catching machine in Utah has been stated at 20 to '30 
cents per acre the first year (including the construction of the 
machine) and 9 to 12 cents thereafter, on a hundred-acre basis, 
with a large amount of useful by-product in the shape of dried 
hoppers valuable for wiilter poultry-feed, as many as 40 bushels 
having been captured and sacked up in a few hours (Ball, Journ. 
Econ. Ent., vol. 10, p. 135, 1917). 
The hopper-dozer is a similar machine using kerosene or tangle- 
foot as a killing agent ; of course the catch is useless as a poultry 
feed. As many as 300 bushels of Grasshoppers have been col- 
lected on 100 acres of alfalfa in the West (U. S. Dept. Agric, 
Farmers' Bull. 747). 
When circumstances permit, areas that contain many Locust 
eggs should be plowed in the fall, the exposure of the eggs to 
winter weather resulting in their destruction. In all cases, the 
cooperation of communities is essential for the best results. 
Wherever practicable, hogs and poultry may be utilized with 
good effect as checks upon undue Locust multiplication, turkeys 
being especially valuable ; the only drawback about this prevent- 
ive measure is that overeating of Grasshoppers by young chickens 
or turkeys sometimes results in death from the accumulation in 
their crops of large numbers of the spiny hind legs of the insects. 
Blatchley has stated the case admirably as follows: "About the 
best remedy for Orthoptera on a farm is a large flock of turkeys. 
Under the leadership of an experienced gobbler, almost their 
entire time during the summer and fall months is spent in wander- 
ing over the fields and pastures in search of the fat and juicy 
nymphs of locusts, grasshoppers and crickets. Indeed, most of 
the luscious white and brown meat of our Thanksgiving and 
Christmas dinners was once grass, then grasshopper, and finally 
turkey. No better and more practical remedy can be devised, 
for the damage which the insects do, is, especially in these days 
