MORSE: ORTHOPTERA OF NEW ENGLAND. 269 
when thrown broadcast with some force, will break into small par- 
ticles. The addition of cheap honey makes the bait more effect- 
ive but is not essential. 
This bait should be spread broadcast between the hours of 
dusk and 9 p.m. in gardens and infested lawns, throwing it with 
sufficient force to scatter it in fine particles, preferably on warm 
evenings, from May 15 to June 15. Three applications are 
recommended. 
Additional measures of control are traps made of 3-inch flower- 
pots with excelsior stuffed into the bottoms, inverted on 9-inch 
sticks set in the ground near plants where Earwigs are numerous. 
These are to be emptied each morning into a pail of water with a 
film of kerosene on the top. Still other measures recommended 
involve the use of arsenical sprays on foliage and flowers attacked 
by the insects, or contact sprays applied while they are active at 
night and in their shelters by day, and the use of bands of sticky 
material to bar them from crawling into porches and houses 
(Bull. 566, U. S. Dept. Agric). 
Enemies. 
The Orthoptera as a whole are classed as injurious because of 
their herbivorous habits, the Mantidae alone being regarded as 
beneficial, since they prey upon insects, though doubtless destroy- 
ing useful as well as noxious species. Since the order is so largely 
injurious as regards man's interests, it is well to point out that 
there are many natural enemies which serve to hold it in check. 
Buf'for these it would be an even greater scourge. 
Among the agents which serve to reduce its harmfulness may 
be ranked certain bacterial and fungous diseases. These are 
usually more effective in moist seasons. In late summer it is not 
uncommon to find examples of the Carolina and Two-striped 
Locusts clinging fast to the tops of tall weeds and grasses. A 
close examination reveals that they are dead, discolored, and 
perhaps reduced to empty shells by a fungus (Empusa grijlli), 
attack by which impels them thus to climb and cling till grim 
death overtakes them high above the ground. This effect of the 
disease is of benefit to the fungus since the elevation insures a 
wider dispersal of its spores. 
