MORSE: ORTHOPTERA OF NEW ENGLAND. 287 
he will find a valuable list of papers and numerous figures. The 
same author's treatment of the order in the Genera Insectorum 
is the latest work on its classification and is illustrated with 
many colored plates j but a preHminary study of the works of 
Zacher^ and Verhoeff^ will be necessary to make it comprehen- 
sible. The article by de Bormans in Das Tierreich covers a wide 
variety of forms and contains many outHne cuts of species. A 
useful resume of the North American forms, with keys, will be 
found in the "Notes" of Caudell (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, 
p. 595-599, 1913). The latest article on the North American 
species of the order is that by Hebard ("Notes on the Earwigs of 
North America north of the Mexican Boundary," Ent. News, 
vol. 28, p. 311-323, 1917). 
Only six kinds of Earwigs have ever been captured in New Eng- 
land and the occurrence of one of these was purely accidental. 
Two are introduced species which have maintained themselves 
for longer or shorter periods in association with man; another is a 
cosmopolitan species, perhaps of Palaearctic origin, which has 
established itself at various points on our seashore at high-water 
mark; another species, scanty in numbers but widely and gener- 
ally distributed, is regarded as an adventive from Europe; and 
one, — the common European Earwig, — has established itself at 
Newport, R. I., and bids fair to become another obnoxious 
immigrant insect pest. 
Measures of control against Earwigs, when needed, are probably 
to be sought along the lines of depriving them of food and shelter, 
or by poisoned food, such as the cleaning-up of debris, the use of 
traps with attractive poisoned baits, possibly also spraying with 
repellent solutions — kerosene emulsion, formaldehyde, etc. The 
devices recommended for trapping Roaches would probably be 
found useful with these insects. (See Remedies, p. 266.) 
The New England representatives of this order fall into three 
families, viz.: Labiduridae, containing Anisolabis and Euborellia 
with one species each (and Spandex, adventive) ; Labiidae, con- 
taining Labia and Prolabia, with one species each; and Forficul- 
idae, with Forficula, one species. 
1 Zacher, F. Zool. Jahrb., vol. 30, p. 303-100, 1911. 
^ Verhoeff. See list in Zacher. 
