480 PROCEEDINGS: BOSTON SOCIETY NATURAL HISTORY. 
the Carolina Locust. The female occasionally makes a soft 
flutter or shuffling sound with the wings in flight, and both sexes 
can fly silently at will. The males often stridulate when on the 
ground, especially when in the presence of rivals or mates, paus- 
ing now and then during their rapid, jerky scrambles over the 
rocks to fiddle excitedly with their hind thighs on the wing-covers, 
producing a fine scritching sound audible to keen ears at a dis- 
tance of several feet. Nor is this latter performance restricted 
to the male, — since the females are provided with similar 
apparatus and I have seen them use it, though unable, owing to 
distance, to detect any sound. 
Adults begin to appear about the middle of July and are to 
be found during the remainder of the season. It is a boreal 
species, and occurs, even to the summits of the highest moun- 
tains, throughout Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont, most 
of northern and western Massachusetts, and in northern Connec- 
ticut. Some of the more southern localities where it has been 
found are Canaan and Colebrook, Ct. ; Palmer, Cambridge (long 
ago), and Gloucester, Mass. It is very common on Mt. Agamen- 
ticus. Me., and throughout the vicinity. At Gloucester, Mass., it 
inhabits the same rocky outcrops as the Ledge Locust (Spharage- 
mon saxatile), which strongly resembles it but which may be 
readily distinguished by having red hind tibiae and a single notch 
in the pronotum. 
SPUR-THROATED OR SPINE-BREASTED LOCUSTS— LOCUSTINAE 
(Acridiinae of various authors). 
The members of this subfamily are characterized and readily 
distinguished by the presence of a prominent "Adam's apple," 
in the shape of a conical or cylindrical elevation projecting from 
the prosternum, termed the prosternal spine, a singular structure 
whose significance or use to the insect has yet to be explained. 
In point of numbers the group exceeds any other of the orthop- 
teran subfamilies represented in New England; in size the 
species range from medium to very large, and include our largest 
Locusts. 
The face is usually nearly vertical, though sometimes dis- 
tinctly retreating; and the head is decidedly rounded in all its 
contours, while the pronotum likewise shows a lack of the angles 
