72 NEW ZEALAND NEUBOPTEBA. 



The pupa leaves the case and swims about in the 

 water for some hours before emergence. The perfect 

 insect appears in December and January. 



Sub-Family 2— LEPTOCERIDES. 



" Maxillary palpi 5-jointecl in the male as well as in the female, strongly 

 hairy, ordinarily ascending, and with the last joint usually long but simple, 

 although often flexible. Wings very pubescent, and for the most part 

 narrow. Antennse, as a rule, very long and slender. The larva has the 

 respiratory filaments short, and ordinarily few in number, placed in tufts on 

 the sides of the abdomen ; the case tubular and free. 



Genus PSEUDONEMA, McLachlan (1862). 

 Tetracentron, Brauer (1865). 



" Antennas much longer than the wings, joints cylindrical, the basal joint 

 long and thick. Maxillary palpi hairy; the basal joint short; second and 

 third long, equal; fourth scarcely as long as the third, and less robust; fifth 

 joint as long as the third and fourth together, flexible. Labial palpi with 

 the terminal joint long and thin. Head sub-triangular, the eyes prominent. 

 Abdomen robust. Spurs of the tibiae 2.2.4. Anterior wings rather thickly 

 clothed with short hairs, long, narrow, slightly dilated at the apex, which is 

 elongated ; discoidal cell broad ; first apical cell much longer than the others, 

 the second short, scarcely reaching half-way to the anastomosis, the fifth 

 narrow and very acute, barely reaching the anastomosis. Posterior wings 

 folded. 



"Distribution. — New Zealand" (Hutton). 



PSEUDONEMA OBSOLETA. 



Pseudonema obsoleta, McLachlan, Trans. Ent. Soc. 

 London, ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 305 (1862). Tetracentron saro- 

 thropus, Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges., in Wien, 1865, 

 p. 418 ; Keise der " Novara," Neuroptera, p. 12, tab. i., 

 fig. 5. Pseudonema obsoleta, Hutton, Trans. N. Z. Inst., 

 xxxi., 240. 



(Plate X., fig. 1 ? imago, 2 larva withdrawn from case 

 magnified. Larvae in cases composed of — fig. 3 wood 

 fragments and liverworts, 4 fragments of tree-fern 

 fronds, 5 fragment of wood, 6 long slender twig, 

 7 pupa magnified.) 



This extremely interesting insect has occurred at 

 Auckland and Wellington in the North Island, and at 

 Nelson, Christchurch, Ophir, and Invercargill in the 

 South Island. 



The expansion of the wings varies from 1J inches to If inches. The 

 fore-wings are dull grey, speckled and banded with black, and white spots ; 



