28 
TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN 
Action on 
trypanosomes 
Recovery 
f<jllo\ved by 
relapse 
In Kordofen 
Morphology 
which, as we shall see, is probably T. pecandi (Laveran). The latter were found, to resist 
the toxic effects of tlie drug better than the former. 
Thus 1 c.c. of a 1 per cent, solution frequently proved fatal to the gamhlense gerhil, 
while the pecandi ('’) gerhil withstood 3 c.c. with ease, as a general rule. 
It was found that in both cases the drug freed the peripheral circulation of parasites 
within a few hours of its subcutaneous injection. Before vanishing, the trypanosomes 
assumed curious spherical shapes, and were undoubtedly destroyed, if not by the direct 
action of the drug, then by its influence on trypanocidal agents in the blood and tissues. 
In one case of pecandi (.■') infection a dose of I c.c. of a 3 per cent, solution abolished all 
trypanosomes from the peripheral blood within twenty-four hours, and produced a remarkable 
change in the animal, which had been fast going down-hill. After a short period of more 
acute illness it recovered, became lively and active, and continued so for ten days, its blood 
remaining free of parasites ; then it relapsed, the parasites reappeared and multiplied in its 
peripheral circulation, and it died within a few days (date uncertain, as records lost). 
Another gerhil rela 2 )sed in a similar manner, and a further injection of 1 c.c. of a 
1 per cent, solution failed to save it. In the case of a ijamhienee gerhil, the tryjianosoines 
disappeared for nine days after treatment, at the end of which time the animal died 
without a relapse having occurred. The cause of death could not be ascertained. The dose 
was only 1 c.c. of a 1 jjer cent, solution, so it is unlikely that the drug was to blame. 
‘ Orsudan ’ exercises no jireventive action, and further work must he can ied out lieforc 
its precise value can be ascertained. 
.\s regards animal trypanosomiasis in the Sudan, one has to record the discovery of 
tryjianosomiasis in camels and of a tryiianosome in cattle which differs from any hitherto 
found in the Sudan. 
C A -M E n T R Y R A N O S O JIIA s IS 
The camel disease was first investigated by Cajitain Olver, the Principal Veterinary 
Officer, and at a later date I found trypanosomes in the blood smears from sick camels sent 
me from El Oheid, Kordofan. More recently an infected ^lariah dog was sent me by 
Captain Anderson, S.M.O., El Oheid, and from this strain it was found ijossible to inoculate 
gerbils, jerboas and guinea pigs [vide infra). 
The trypanosome in question is of considerable size, and in the fresh blood disjilays 
active movements, hut these are usually limited to tlie field of the microscop)e under 
observation. Stained specimens are found to measure from 16/t to 20-8n in length, 
the majority, however, being about the latter dimension. The general form is shown in 
Plate I., fig. 2. 
The blejiharopilast is rather large and well marked, the nucleus small and conqiact. 
No granules have lieen noted in the cytoplasm. There is a well-marked flagellum and a 
well-develojied undulating membrane. 
i\Iore minute measurements of a trypianosome, whose total length, including free 
flagellum, was 20-8ju, yielded the following results:— 
From jjosterior end to centre of blep)haro 2 ffast ... ... 3-2 
From centre of bleiiharoplast to p)Osterior end of nucleus... -t-H ,, 
Nucleus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Id) ,, 
From 2 )osterior end of nucleus to beginning of free flagellum 4-8 ,, 
Free flagellum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ()-4,, 
The ti-ypanosomes vary somewhat in breadth, hut a^ipear to average about 2 p in 
greatest diameter. 
