30 
TllYI’ANOSOJIIASIS IN THE ANGLO-EGVrTIAN SUDAN 
Carrier of 
camel trypano¬ 
somiasis 
As to the carrier of this camel trypanosome, we know that Olossiua m-urtiilaHs exists at 
Kaw'alih in tlie Kordofan Province, hut the lly belt is very limited, and it is almost certain that 
some species of Tahanus, probably T. sucius, is effective. This species has been found in the 
districts where the disease occurs, and the natives attribute the illness to its bite. Some 
species of llippohoaca might act as a vector, Imt this is unlikely, as the disease appears to be 
limited in range. It is worth noting tliat a camel trypanosomiasis exists in the northern 
part of the Sinai peninsula close to the Mediterranean. Here there are no tsetse flies, and 
Captain Cummins sent me a species of small Tahanus which was supposed to be the 
carrier of the parasite. The specimens were much damaged and could not be identified, 
but were sent to the British Museum. It is quite likely that this disease bears a close 
relation to that found in Algerian dromedaries and which is known to be transferred by 
a species of Atijlutiis or Tahanus. 
Hiting Hies of 
the Kassala 
Province 
Symptoms 
Post nturtcm 
appearances 
Cattle Tkypa n o s ojii a si s of Kassala 
The new trypanosome of cattle— new, that is, to the Sudan—I found in blood smears 
sent me from Mendeede, Kassala Province, by Mr. R. Harold Meade, M.R.C.V.S. At my 
request he kindly furnished some notes upon the condition, as I was anxious to find out if 
the infected cattle had come from Abyssinia, in certain parts of vvhich trypanosomiasis is 
known to exist. 
Mr. Meade informed me that, though he could not be quite certain, he thought it 
unlikely that these cattle had been imported. He mentions, however, that every year 
.■\rabs are in the habit of introducing cattle from the Italian territory of Erythrea. 
Enquiries regarding “fly” in the district elicited the information that only one 
Tahanus had been seen, and that the prevalent flies were a species of Hippohosca, and a 
fly which from its description must he a Stumo.vys. Unfortunately, a collection of flies 
made by Mr. iMeade was vvholly destroyed by ants. I think it is probable that Tauyonia 
iiiayretti exists in this part of the Province, as it is knowm at Kassala, but there is nothing 
to prove the presence of Glossi-na. Mr. Meade also sent the following notes as regards 
symptoms. In this connection it must be noted that the cattle, in addition to 
trypanosomiasis, were suffering from a trematode infection of the lungs and heart, which 
probably accounted for some of the pulmonary symptoms ;— 
“ The diseased animals have all, with the exception of two oldish cows, been under 
eighteen months old. On becoming ill, the cattle look thoroughly dejected and lose 
their appetites. The coat is rough and stands on end, the ears droop, the respirations are 
increased and the breathing is often distressed. There is lachrymation and blepharitis. 
In a few cases, blindness results after three or four days. [Possibly due to corneal 
opacity.— A.B.] 
“ A rope of mucus hangs from each nostril, and there is often a scurfy condition of 
the skin near the nose and mouth, together with some froth at the mouth. 
“ A few of the animals have diarrhoea, but the majority are constipated. The colour of 
the faices is usually normal, but cases have lieen seen in which the fieces were coloured by 
blood and in a few instances sausage-like masses of coagulated lilood have been passed. 
Some of the animals have died a few days after they were first noticed to be unwell and 
have been found quite fat on post mortem examination. Most have died at the end of a 
week or ten days, and have shown very marked symptoms of pneumonia. In none has the 
mouth been ulcerated, nor have the glands of the neck or mesentery seemed to mo to be 
diseased. The post mortem examination shows tlie abomasum to be occasionally inflamed. 
In most cases it exhibits slight ulceration. The mesenteric glands are enlarged and some¬ 
times haemorrhagic. Tlie gall varies in appearance from a clear fluid of a dark golden 
