TEYI^VNOSOMIASIS IN THK ANUEO-EGyi’TIAN SX’DAN 
31 
colour to a green, viscid, semi-solid liquid. Sometimes the small intestines are found 
inllamed, and in cases where there has been marked meltena the rectum is found full of 
blood.’’ 
The condition of the spleen and liver is not mentioned, but in several respects the 
symptoms and post mortem appearances resemble those seen in cattle affected with 7'. v(mnia. 
Of special interest is the gastric ulceration. I examined the smears, which showed 
moderate trypanosome infection. The trypanosome varies in length, but is quite unlike 
T. diinorphoii. 
There is: 1. A short form rather resembling 7'. aanitj/t, but measuring about 15/( in 
length ; 2. An intermediate form about ISu in length and showing very little free flagellum ; 
3. A long form about 21 m in length. 
No pike-head forms were noted, such as are seen in 7'. dirnorphoti or 7'. pecaudi and 
sometimes in the trypanosome of camels. 
A point which is very noticeable is that the blepharoplast is situated close to the 
rounded posterior end of the parasite. 
The short forms resemble tlie typical 7’. imhum in that the undulating meiidjranc is 
but slightly developed and there is hardly any free flagellum. 
The breadth was found to vary between l-5jn and 2-25p, but 1 was unable to see 
any definite thin and broad forms, such as are readily visible in 7'. diinorphon or T. jjccaiuU. 
One form, 17m in length, yielded the following measurements :— 
Trom posterior end to posterior end of mrcleus ... ... 7-5 m 
Nucleus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 ,, 
From anterior end of nucleus to beginning free flagellum ... 6 ,, 
Free flagellum ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 1-5 ,, 
In none of the forms is the free flagellum very pronounced, but in some of the long, thin 
forms it may reach a length of 3 m. 
The general impression conveyed by a study of stained preparations of this 
trypanosome is that it differs from the other types found in the Sudan. It is certainly not 
T. iianum, the form hitherto found in cattle, and it is of course impossible, on morphological 
grounds alone, to come to any definite conclusion regarding it. 
The question, however, is one of very considerable importance, especially as regards 
trade with Erythrea and Abyssinia, and personally I have little doubt that the parasite is 
the same as that described by Memmo,' Martoglio and Adani as causing the disease Gtadii 
in Erythrea. 
This form of trypanosomiasis attacks cattle, sheep and goats ; guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs 
and monkeys being refractory, as are also mice, rats and fowls. 
The symptoms resemble nagana (7'. hrucel) or surra (7'. evansi), but cedemas and skin 
lesions are absent. Nervous symptoms are marked towards the end of the disease. 
Abyssinian sheep and goats die of tlie disease in 12 days. The horse is susceirtible 
and dies in about one j'ear, the donkey in five months. The suspected fly is a Tahanus or 
Ilippidjosca. 
It would appear that the trypanosome of this disease is probably T. cazallmui, the cause of 
Souma, described in various papers by Cazalbou,-Laverau,®Bouffard,'‘ Bouet,“ and other French 
' Alemmo, Martoglio iiud .'tdaiii, Ann. d'fijienc Sjicr., lOO.o. Rcfcronco iu Nabarro. D., “Trypanosomes and 
Trypanosomiasis.” 1907. 
C.azalhon. L. R.Aoc. /Hid., t. LXII. No. '21. 
^ Tj.avcran, (May ■i.otli, 1907). •'Trypanosomes dn Hant Niger.” Ann. de V/rnttilut /'nxlrur, t. XXI. 
■* BoulTard, 0. (l)eeember 2.")tli, 1907), “ La Souma.” /bid. 
^ Bouet, (.1. (December 12th, 1907), “Les Trypano.sumiases de la Haute Cote d'Ivoire.” /bid. 
(lastric 
ulceration 
Morphology 
Probably a 
specific 
trypanosome 
T. cnzti/btini 
