32 
TKYI’ANOSOMIASIS IN THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN 
T'wo types of 
mule disease 
authors, and wliicli affects cattle, horses and mules. In the last-named it runs a more chronic 
course. The symptoms in cattle, as described by Oazalbou — rough staring coat, lachrymation 
and diarrhoea — resemble those mentioned by Meade, and the trypanosome which I have 
described has certain points in common with T. cazalhcui, notably the position of the 
blepharoplast, the poorly developed undulating membrane with few folds and the rounded 
posterior end. It is true that the Sudanese trypanosome appears to vary in length, which is 
not a characteristic of the Souma trypanosome, but this is not a very important matter, as 
witness the variations met with in T. hrucei. The films being old, and having been exposed to 
great heat before reaching me, did not stain very well, so possibly the appearance of forms 
lacking the free flagellum was due to this cause. In the absence of extended investigations, 
one can only say that this cattle disease is very likely the same as that found in Erythrea. 
As the latter is due to a trypanosome conforming to the T. cazulhoni type, and as the 
symptoms of the Sudan disease resemble Souma, it seems reasonable to suggest at 
least that 7'. cazallxnii, which certainly seems to be a distinct entity, is the trypanosome 
concerned. One must note, however, that a trypanosomiasis of horses (Hallen) and of 
cattle (Savoure) exists in Abyssinia. It is believed by these authors to be surra 
introduced from India. Brumpt, however, from a consideration of the commercial 
relations of Ogaden with the infected regions of Abyssinia, concludes that the disease 
is identical with the true tsetse disease of the Juba Valley and of British and German 
East Africa generally. This may be true nagana due to T. hrucei, and one must not 
lose sight of the tact that this Kassala trypanosomiasis may also be nagana. There is 
nothing against such a supposition and much in its favour. Here, again, the strain must 
be tested and cultural methods employed. 
„ AT I form 
Til Y P .4.N O s o M I A s I s OP MuIjES , 
t. Common form 
It will be remembered that in the Second Eeport allusion was made to a short 
trypanosome found in the blood of mules which had come from the Bahr-Bl-Ghazal Province. 
My notes on this parasite were unfortunately lost, but some measurements made for 
me by Mr. Archibald show that it varies in length, from about 7-4 .u to 11-2 fi. There seems 
little doubt that this mule tryiianosome is in reality T. nauum, but as Dr. Wenyon met with 
the disease during his journey, and was able to carry out some work upon it, which is 
detailed in his report, there is no need for me to say more about it, except that I was able 
on one occasion to inoculate a gerbil successfully from one of the dogs inoculated by 
Dr. Wenyon. 
Up to date, therefore, the following forms of animal trypanosomiasis have been found 
to exist in the Sudan (see I’late I.) :— 
1. Trypanosomiasis of mules and horses, due to T. ilimurphaii or T. pecandi, found on 
the White Nile and Sobat and in the Bahr-El-Ghazal Province. This seems also to 
affect cattle and camels in the Bahr-El-Ghazal Province. (Nee Di'. Wenyon’s Keport.) 
There is also a donkey trypanosomiasis, which in all probability is due to 
7'. iliiiiDcphiiit or 7'. pecaudi. 
2. Trypanosomiasis of camels, duo possibly to T. Found in Kordofan. 
3. Trypanosomiasis of cattle due to 7'. naintin. Found chiefly on the White Nile and 
Sobat. (iS'ee notes by Dr. Wenyon, who has found a form with a free llagellnm.) 
Trypanosomiasis of mules due to a small trypanosome which is almost certaiidy 
T. uatnnu. Found in the Bahr-El-Ghazal Province and probably on the White Nile 
and Sobat. 
4. Trypanosomiasis of cattle due to a new trypanosome. Found in the Kassala 
Province. Probably either 7'. cazalhuui or T. hrucei. 
