TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN THE ANGEO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN 
33 
Finally, one must consider certain points, as regards No. 1, raised by Tjaveran and 
by Dutton, Todd and Kinghorn.' The tryjianosome in question was described and figured in 
the Second Eeport of these laboratories, and details given regarding its animal reactions. 
The conclusion reached was that, of the trypanosomes then described, it seemed most to 
resemble T. diinorphon, but one preferred to name it merely the trypanosome of mule 
trypanosomiasis in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. 
Eecently Laveran' has suggested that it may be identical with T. peraitdi, the cause T. pecaudi 
of the disease Baleri, a form of equine trypanosomiasis described hy Pecaud in 1906, and 
which appears to have a fairly wide distribution over the north of the Ivory Coast, Upper 
Senegal, and in the region of the Bani in French Nigeria. One has studied the various 
papers of Laveran,- Bouifard,® Cazalbou,^ Bouet,® Thirous and Teiipaz'' on this form of 
trypanosomiasis and compared their results with those obtained in the laboratories at 
Khartoum. It is specially unfortunate that the records of nearly two years’ further 
observations on the Sudan trypanosome and all the strains of this parasite were lost in 
the fire, for a good deal of material had been collected, and without my notes I cannot 
detail all that had been done. It may be said at once that cultural experiments proved 
negative, Init I lay no stress on this point. In some instances bacterial infection was to 
blame, in others I find the technique was not all that could have been desired; for instance, 
I was not aware that it was better to defibrinate the infected blood before inseminating 
the blood-agar tubes. It is hoped during the coming winter to experiment in this direction, 
especially as more skilled assistance is now available. Lack of time greatly hindered this 
part of the research. 
Taking first the symptoms, one finds the French observers somewhat at variance. 
Thus Bouffard has never seen in the horse the cutaneous symptoms, notably the 
dourine-like plaques described by Cazalbou. 1 have never seen these in infected horses or 
mules in the Sudan. However, it would appear that clinically it is difficult to make a 
diagnosis and the differentiation of T. pecAimli from T. (limorplum according to the French T. pecaudi 
savants is to be based chiefly on morphology, on animal reactions and on immunisation plus 
inoculation experiments. 
In both there are long and short forms of parasite. Laveran notes that the long 
form of T. dimurphoyt. has not a free flagellum like that of T. prr.nii<li, but then again, 
Dutton and Todd state definitely that they have seen long forms with free flagella. 
Bouffard points out that the forms of T. diinorphon without flagella are shorter and 
less thick than those of T. pecaudi. He has never seen T. pecaudi agglutinate under the 
cover glass. 
Of more importance is the persistence of this characteristic in inoculated laboratory 
animals. It appears to be lost in T. dimorphon but persists in T. pecaudi, and moreover the 
two characteristic forms of trypanosome persist, and are always to be found in the blood of 
animals inoculated with the parasite of Baleri. These forms cannot be separated, a point 
proved by Pecaud and by Laveran. 
* Laveran, A. (Pebrnarv 4tli, 1907), “ Nouvelle Contribution a I’etudc de Trypanosomiases du Haut Niger.’’ 
R. Acad. Sc., t. CXLIV. ‘ 
“ Ibid. (May 2.oth, 1907), “Trypanosomiases du Ilaut Niger.” Ann. de I’lnslitid I’lintcur, t. XXI. 
“ Bouffard, Q. (Deoember 2.5111, 1907), “ La Sonma.” Ibid. 
Bouffard, G. (.Jaiumry 2.5th, 1908), “La Baleri.” Ann. de rinslitut Pasteur, t. XXIi. 
Cazalbou, L. (M.ay 1.5th, 1907), “Note sur la Baleri.” Rente GV/i. Med. Pel., t. IX. 
Bonet, G. (December 25th, 1907), “ Les Trypanosomiases de la Haute C6te d’Ivoire.” Ann.deVInstitnt 
Pasteur. 
® Thiroux, M., and Teppaz, M. (March 2.5th, 1907), “ Les Trypanosomiases des Animaux au Senegal.” Ihitt. 
O 
