50 
Sl>IKOCH.3iTOSIS OF SUDANESE FOWLS 
enclo-glohular forms. The Irlood was not again examined till Januarij ls^, lilOS, when 
spirochietes were again found present in considerable numbers, and a few endo-glohular forms 
were also found. 
January 2nd. Condition much the same, hut the number of intra-corpuseular forms had 
increased. In fresh films a curious appearance was seen as if stationary but “ rippling ” 
parasites had surrounded a colourless nucleated cell (probably an erythrocyte, which had lost 
its hcemoglol)in), and had formed a kind of girdle round it. No further change was noticed 
though tlie blood was under observation for a long time. In blood examined microscopically 
in a Nuttall's thermostat a spirochajte was distinctly seen to penetrate into a red cell, and to 
Ijreak up into four colourless, motionless short rods. No further change was noticed until the 
whole corpuscle shrunk and disintegrated. In blood kept sealed up under the cover glass 
for some time, and then smeared and stained, the ap 2 )earances shown in Plate VI., tig. 2, were 
exhibited. In one corpuscle a large form is seen enclosing in its loop, portions of the extra- 
nuclear portion of the red cell, which is evidently becoming vacuolated. Prior to this I had 
thought these large forms w'ere late stages in the history of what I fancied was a special 
parasite, but this indicated to me that the appearance was really due to the incorporated 
spirochajte, soon after its entry, having formed a loop before contracting and producing 
vacuolation of the red cell. 
In another corpuscle a spirochuete is seen attached at one end to what is either a solid 
spherical body or one of the protoplasmic balls described by Prowazek. 
About o c.c. of blood again inoculated subcutaneously into 
(ii) Fowl K, which had remained quite healthy and with normal blood. 
N.B.—Fowl K was found to be infected on December Dh, when it showed a small number 
of spiroebaetes in its blood, and eventually passed into the “ after phase.” Its history will be 
detailed. 
On tbis date {.Tanuanj 2nd) it was also noted that many of the spirocha3tes in the blood 
of Fowl I. were applied end to end. No clumps were seen. 
December 2nd. All the free spirochaetes had again vanished and the number of intra- 
corpuscular forms had increased. 
By December 5ih, the number of bodies had greatly increased, and by December 6th, 
appearances suggesting multiple infection were common. All this time, even after prolonged 
staining, and repeated and prolonged examination, no spirochietes could be found, nor 
did they ever reappear in the peripheral blood. 
December 8th. On this day an enormous increase of the bodies was found. Tbe bird 
was worse, and one eye had become inflamed, a condition which resulted in perforating ulcer 
of the cornea. 
After this the history is one of progressive anremia and weakness wdthout much change 
in the blood condition, until the bird died on January 15th, 1908, twenty-five days after being 
admitted with spirochrelosis, and fifteen days after the commencement of the ‘‘ after phase ” 
i.c. the finding of intra-corpuscular spirochaetes. 
Smears w'ere made from the lung, liver, spleen, and bone-marrow. The lung smears 
alone presented anything of special note, and here it was quite evident that the bodies had in 
many instances Ijeen discharged from the corpuscles, leaving large vacuoles in them. That this 
w-as the case was further evidenced by the large number of bodies broken up into granules. 
The appearance was that of a vacuole, with its edge staining a deep purple colour and its 
interior, if one can speak of the interior of a vacuole, being partly tilled with the granular 
debris of the central core of the parasite. What may have been free granules were also seen 
in the smears. Portions of the organs were prepared and kept embedded in jjaraffin, but 
these were most unfortunately all lost in the fire on May 11th. 
