SANITABY NOTES. 
KHATlTOnr 
or doprossions in the ground jiround or near the house should he levelled u]) to prevent pools 
foi'iniug during the rains. 
Special door and window Irames, covered with line wire netting, should he ])rovided in 
localities infested by mosquitoes or other insects. All windows must have outside sun-shutters 
with louvres. 
Woodwork should he protected from the attacks of white ants by painting with any of the 
special })reservatives now on the market. 
The foregoing are merely general rules and suggestions; the actual type of house best 
suited to any given locality will depend upon the conditions obtaining and the materials 
available. 
I'imlillllcil KY THE DiUECTOK 
( ‘onservancy 
'Fhe old 
n^ethod 
1 ^atrine 
buckets, old 
type 
Crowley carts 
Conscrvanc }/. — Under this heading we consider 
1 . Sewage collection and disposal. 
Waste water collection and disposal. 
3. Refuse collection and disposal. 
1. The bucket system is in vogue, hut, owing to the customs of the majority of the 
inhabitants, one cannot speak of a dry eai'th system. At first Khartoum was served by 
the ordinary pattern of latrine bucket. Fig. lo, the Crowley cart. Fig. 17, and a system of deep 
trenches. One need scarcely enlarge on the abominations and danger of the so-called 
“ ironclad." The bucket is emptied into it, and often on and over it, so that very frequently 
streams of filth travel down the hack of the receptacle and drijj upon the ground. This 
insanitary juggernaut pursues its way, surrounded by a cohort of flies, and emitting a disgusting 
stench. Its contents, too, often splash and slop over, the cover being rarely closed by 
the careless native, and, when closed, being of little use to prevent leakage. Occasionally the 
receptacle tilts, turns vqtside down, and discharges its contents upon the public thoroughfare. 
Fig- 15. -Sanitary Pails. Khartoum 
On the left, the old type, now abandoned 
In the centre and on the right, the new type, with air-tight cover 
In wet weather it was not uncommon for several carts to stick fast in the mud or in the heavy 
sand outside the town, so that, in despair, one had to order the contents to he buried on the 
spot. I wonder how many of the inhabitants ever saw a Crowley cart emptied at the trenches ! 
It was an instructive sight. The sides of the trench became fouled, the cart became more 
fouled than before, and the men became fouled in many cases. Then this uncleanly vehicle. 
