AN ACCOUNT OF SOME HELJIINTHES COLLECTED IN THE SUDAN 
189 
containing about a third of 1 per cent, saline. They are now violently agitated for several minutes, 
and then at once there is poured in an equal amount of saturated corrosive if the specimens he 
small, or 10 per cent, formalin if large, and the shaking continued as vigorously as before for 
several minutes longer. The .flukes then should be found dead and fixed in an extended 
condition. They may be left in the fixing fluid for some little time, but should later be well 
washed in water and preserved in 70 per cent, alcohol if small, or in weak formalin if large. 
For detailed examination the Fasciolidre and Schistosomidce should be cleared in creosote, but 
the thick and fleshy Paravijjhistomidce reijuire sectioning. Paramphistomes that have lain for 
some time in formalin may be successfully reduced to serial ribbons within a few hours by 
transference to acetone direct, or after rapid passage through spirit. After a couple of hours, 
dehydration may be tested by clearing in aniline oil, it being necessary to return the specimens 
thus cleared to fresh acetone. When dehydration is complete the specimens are transferred 
to a warm mixture of acetone and paraffin, and infiltration is rapidly effected under an exhaust 
pump. By this method for hastening the parasites through the dehydration stage, their tissues 
escape the hardening that renders the serial sectioning of Trematoda, prepared by older 
methods, exceedingly difficult and exasperating. 
N E M A T o D A 
? Family, Gnathostomid.e. Genus, Taiiqua 
Tanqica tiara, v. Linstow, 1906. 
Ascaris tiara, v. Linstow, 1879. Wnrtemb. Nat. Faliresb., p. 313. 
Ctenocephalus tiara, v. Linstow, 1906. Spolia Zclanica. 
Egyptian Monitor lizard, Varaims niloticus. Intestine. Taufikia, White Nile. 
Tanqua tiara was first recorded from Natal, whei’e it was found to occur in Varanus 
ornatus. Baud. Later its presence was noted in the Bengal Monitor, Varamts bengalensis. 
Baud. Its discovery in the Egyptian Monitor is apparently new. A very similar form from 
Ilydrosaurus birittatus has recently been sent to the London School of Tropical Medicine by 
Dr. Stanton, from the Federated Malay States. There is considerable doubt as to the 
systematic position of v. Linstow’s genus. T. tiara, the type species, was originally 
described as an Ascaris, owing to the deceptive resemblance of the transversely grooved 
cuticular shields that protect the paired lips, to the typical arrangement of the Ascaris lips. 
The curious shape of the anterior end of the body, the bilabial mouth, the presence of four 
cervical glands of distinctive form and position, the disposition and small number of the 
papillae surrounding the genital aperture in the male, are all characters of generic import that 
Tanqua has in common with Gnathostomum. Thus Tanqua is more entitled to a place in the 
Family Gnatiwstomtdce than in AscaruUe. 
Family, Metastrongylid^. Sub-family, Trichostrongylinae. Genus, Hamonchus 
ll(P.monchus contortus 
Sheep, Ovis arws. Stomach. Nasser, Sobat Kiver. 
One or two examples of H. contortus were present in the tube containing a quantity of 
am))histomes from the stomach of a sheep. This parasite is practically world-wide in its 
distribution, and its occurrence in the Sudan calls for little remark. It affords, however, an 
Method of 
hardenin 
Nematodes 
