228 
REPORT ON F.CONOIVriC ENTOirOLOGY 
Cotton pests 
In Egypt 
The feiiiiilo deposits within a spherical nest, composed of pellets of mud cemented 
together with saliva, from (lO to 100 eggs. The nest is then sealeil up with mud and left. 
The young millipedes emerge in about twelve days and are provided with only three 
])airs of legs. The other legs appear in batches of live at a time, the addition of 
legs and segments taking place between the end segment and the penultimate. 
Prevent/(ins and remedies . — During the rains, large numbers of these millipedes can he 
seen crawling about on the ground. They can then he collected and destroyed. 
Baits have been found to he very efficient in helping to keep English species in check. 
Bcooped out mangolds or beets are buried just under the soil, and the millipedes, which are 
attracted to feed on them, collected at intervals. 
Another method is to soak these baits in a liquid containing arsenic—millipedes readily 
feed on them and are poisoned. 
Where, as in Kordofan, mangolds and beets are not available, other baits can he 
substituted. 
These measures should be carried out hefnre tlie crop is sown, when there is little else 
in the soil for the millipedes to eat. 
II. Animals injurious to Cotton 
The Egyptian Cotton Boll-worm 
Enrins hisiihinn 
Plate XXVII., fig. 5 
This pest is very common in the Sudan, and is responsible for a considerable yearly loss 
to cotton growers. 
It is found throughout Africa, and is also recorded from Mauritius, Baluchistan, North 
and South India, Burma, Siam, and Australia. 
In Egypt it is said to he the cause of an annual loss of nearly £1,000,000.' 
Life-history and huhits .— The eggs are deposited, usually singly, on almost any part of 
the plant, the most common position being on the terminal buds. The larva, on hatching, 
may either eat its way through the terminal bud and tunnel down the stem for a short 
distance, or straightway attack a flower luid or boll. When full-fed it leaves the boll and 
pupates ill a white to brownish boat-shaped silken cocoon, attached to some part of the 
plant — freipiently to the involucral bracts of the damaged boll. The adults emerge in from 
one to a little over two months. 
Where food plants are availalile tins pest appears to breed continuously throughout 
the year. 
Eijij .—In colour, when first laid, the egg is pale turquoise blue with a greenish tinge. 
In shape it may lie said to resemble a poppy-seed head. 
Liirrn.. —A somewhat hunched caterpillar, 15-1(5 mm. in length. In colour it varies 
from light or reddish-brown to dull green, wuth yellowish markings. The body is 
ornamented with a iiumher of fleshy tubercles or spikes. 
Pupa. — The pupa is yellowish brown, often with a greenish tinge. Length 9-ll’5 mm. 
Adult .—The moth is exceedingly variable in colour, the most common form having the 
head, thorax and fore-wings bright green, the hind-wings semi-diaphanous white with 
fuscous margins, and the abdomen silvery-grey. The fore-wings usually bear three dark 
’ Willcoc’ks, ycai’-hook' of Khcdivnl Atfi'icnUu.ral Sociefif, 1905, p. 63. 
