REPORT ON ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
239 
Leiiijth, about 30 min. 
Adult (lig. 3).—A conspicuous greenish-black butterfly with yellow markings. Leuijfli, 
about 24 mm. Wing expanse, 85-105 mm. 
Margin of wing scolloped, with centre of scollops yellow. .Xn irregular row of yellow 
spots parallel to the margins on both fore- and hind-wings. A second row roughly 
parallel to the first — on the hind-wing these spots coalesce and form a yellow stripe. Three 
to five yellow spots near the costal border on the fore-wing. 
.\n “ eye,” composed of brown encircled with blue, is situated near the costal border of 
the hind-wing and a more brilliant “eye” composed of brown, blue, black, red and yellow 
on the hind border of the hind-wing. 
Two yellow stripes on the face extend over the head and thorax and expand into 
broad lateral stripes on the abdomen. 
Life-history and habits. — The >eggs are deposited singly, usually on the upper surface of 
a young leaf, though sometimes they may be found on the petiole or on the twig. 
The larva is sluggish in its habits and appears to be unable to cling to the leaf without 
the aid of a slight web of silk, which it spins over the surface of the leaf as it progresses. 
It spends the greater part of the day lying lengthwise over the midrib, in which position it 
so exactly resembles the excreta of some small bird that it is not readily recognisable as a 
caterpillar (fig. 2). 
It feeds on the foliage, usually first attacking the young terminal leaves and eating its 
way steadily downwards. Sometimes it will even devour the soft growing extremity of the 
twig itself. 
When it has attained a length of 20-25 mm. it passes into the second stage, in which 
it is not easily distinguishable from the foliage on which it is feeding. 
If disturbed or alarmed the larva suddenly everts its osmeterium—a V-shaped orange- 
coloured process with red tips — and strikes backwards with it, at the same time emitting 
a peculiarly offensive smell from glands situated in the organ. 
When full-fed it pupates, affixed to one of the stouter twigs or branches. The cremaster 
is attached to the support by a web of silk, while the pupa is maintained in a more or less 
upright position by a band of silk which passes round the thorax. 
The adult emerges in from six to seven days. 
Preventions and remedies . — On young trees the larvse and even the eggs can be 
hand-picked. Where the caterpillars occur in numbers on older trees they can be 
destroyed by means of an arsenical spray. 
Eose Chafers attacking Ornamental Trees 
Pnrhnnda saviynyi, G. and P., and Stalaynosoma c.ynanche, (4. and P. 
Plate XXX., figs. 2, 3 
These are the two more common of the cetonids that occur in the northern parts of 
the Sudan. 
The larger of the two — Paclmoda saviynyi (fig. 2) — is well known to gardeners in 
Khartoum. In colour it is chocolate brown, with the dorsum of the pro'thorax margined 
with yellow. Elytra laterally and apically margined with yellow and with a broad yellow 
transverse bar. 
Lenyth, about 20 mm. 
Difficulty of 
recognisinjj 
the larva 
Pests of 
ornamental 
trees 
