MEDICAL I’KACTICKS AND HUPEUSTITIONS OF KOKDOFAN 
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11. El Lazim. A clamp to hold the prepuce and exclude the glans during circumcision. 
It is constructed of two roughly curved jaws of sheet 
iron, each about 6 inches long, and pivoting at one 
end on a hinge, the free extremities acting as handles. 
(Figs. 89 and 96.) 
11 (u). Other instruments for the same purpose are 
small perforated discs of ivory or gourd, the lumen of 
which will just admit the prepuce without admitting 
the glans, or two lengths (6 inches) of thin pliable 
wood tied together at either end wliich include the 
prepuce clamped between them. (Figs. 98 and 99.) 
12. El Fass. Consists of a length of dura jiith (2 inches to 3 inches) attached to which is 
about a foot of soft cotton string. It is used in male circumcision, the pith to push back 
the glans whilst the string is tightly wound round the prepuce above its (the pith’s) 
extremity, the knife being carried down between the tieing cord and the fass. (Fig. 97.) 
13. Various forms of rougli burning irons exist, having wooden or liorn insulating 
handles. Needles are also used for the same jjurpose, and preparations of dr}' woods and 
pith. After cauterisation Gotran oil or lime is placed as a dressing over the burnt area. 
14. El Kamaia. Primitive instrument used for cauterisation, consisting of a piece of 
camel’s- or sheep’s-dung dried and impaled on a long thorn. 
The dung is placed over charcoal until it smoulders, and then 
Pi$. 90.—El Eainaia applied to the skin. (Fig. 90.) 
15. El Malahja. A small iron, or wooden, 
spoon used for the removal of wax or foreign 
suspended 
(Fig. 91.) 
bodies from the ear. Sometimes 
to the rosary for convenience sake. 
Pig. 91.—El Malabga 
16. Ei/e Dusfers, consist 
of small probe-shaped pieces of 
wood, ivory, or iron provided 
Fifi. 92.—Eye DuBter -' witll a liaildle. 
Pieces of green fibrous twig, macerated at one end so as to form an improvised brush, 
are similarly employed. In eye applications the powder, ointment, etc., is smeared along 
the palpebral margin, and a surplus left amid the lashes, for gradual distribution between 
the lids. (Fig. 92.) 
17. El Gift. Furceps, as used for the extraction of teeth, are usually borrowed from 
the silversmith and apparently form no part of the Hakim’s stock-in-trade. Some of the 
more enlightened know of and are anxious to obtain European dental forceps. 
18. Enropeau Basdrn, K-iiivea, Scisii(in<, Eeedles and Syringes are now largely used for 
various operations, to the exclusion of more primitive native instruments. 
19. El Mihyam (native Cupping Instruments) , manufactured 
of metal or horn (Fig. 93). A is a small aperture provided 
with a soft leather valve. The site for cupping having been 
selected and scarred, the mouth of the cup B is greased 
and held in position, whilst the operator exhausts the air 
from the cavity C by suction. An ordinary small metal cup 
without aperture, in which the air is raritied by burning a 
piece of paper or rag within it, is also used. Professional 
cuppers and blood-letters are to be found in every large suk — 
their half-naked victims seated around in groups, with mikgamat hanging on to their 
FiS. 93.—El MibSiun 
Circumcision 
clamp 
Cauteries 
Curette 
Tooth 
forceps 
Cupping 
instruments 
