MOSQUITO WORK IN KHARTOUM AND IN THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN GENERALLY 27 



the variety ■^ii/'niii/u'oxd, to hv numerous. This well-known malaria carrier had not 

 previously been found on the Blue Nile. Three malaria carriers are now known on that river, 

 namely, Pyrftop/iorux coxfall.t, Cflliti pliaramaix and Myzomyia funesta. Mr. Friedrichs also 

 secured a new and beautiful species of Mansonia, named nifim by Mr. Theobald. It may 

 yet constitute the type of a new genus. Major Bray brought a small, but good collection of 

 Cidiridce from the Bahr-El-Ghazal province which included a mosquito representative of a 

 new genus, Qwinide(jo)ni/i<i. 



He also sent some useful notes describing how he^found mosquitoes breeding out in water 



" ' ° A tree-breeder 



collections in hollow trees, a fact first elicited by Liitz in South America, and he records 

 the remarkable observation that mosquito larvie destroy the young fry of fish. Murray 

 has shown that adult mosiiuitoes do so, but I am not aware that anyone has hitherto found 

 the larvEe so engaged. 



In January, 1905, I went to Taufikia on the White Nile, and at Goz-Abu-Guma 

 founil the missing male of UranotceiiUi /lulfouri, several females of this species, and a 

 curious mosquito with an expanded proboscis, which I sent to Mr. Theobald. It appeared 

 to me to be a Mimomyia. I found Cellia phartensis as far north as Goz-Abu-Guma, 

 while at Renk Myzomyia funesta and Myzorhynchws paludis were taken. In all, sixteen 

 different genera comprising some thirty-five species of Culicidm have now been found in Sudan 

 territory. 



I regret to say our knowledge is no further advanced as to which of the species of 

 Anophelines found are capable of serving as hosts in the mosquito-man cycle of the malarial 

 parasite. Not every Anopheliiie can carry malaria, as witness JA. mssij in India, so that it 

 is very important to determine accurately those which are pernicious. Of the Nile 

 Anophelines Myzomyia fiuwMa, Pyi'i'topliornx coMalis and Cellia pluifoeiinix are known 

 to be implicated in the traffic, but dissections of Anopheles wellconiei, Myzorhynclms Necessitv for 

 jiahidis, Myzomyia iiili, ('/■Ilia sifKauiDxa, and any new Anophelines are required. It is ''';"^™'"'"g 

 possible that Myzorliynrlins pidndis, which is rather a different type of mosquito from the theAnophe- 

 others, and does not bite as freely, luay escape having to bear an evil reputation, but one '^"^arir"^^ 

 cannot tell without making careful experiments and examinations. Probably M. funesta is the 

 worst of the batch. These Anophelines are found far from Khartoum, and I have had no 

 opportunity of studying them properly. In this connection one may record a few facts about 

 malaria itself. Further experience has somewhat modified my view that the quartan 

 parasite is rare. It is not so common as the other two recognized varieties, but it occurs 

 with considerable frequency. For example, of the last 50 consecutive cases which I m^j^ 

 examined, thirty-three were malignant (small ring forms or crescent), eleven were benign 

 tertian, and six were quartan. Ten of these 50 cases came from up the Blue Nile and of 

 these ten, six were malignant, one was benign tertian and two were quartan. Tlie remaining 

 cases came from the White Nile and Bahr-El-Ghazal, with the exception of a few occurring 

 in Khartoum. It is curious that I have never seen a case with many crescents in the 

 peripheral blood. Severe crescent infection does, however, occur, according to Major Rivers. 



The figures given are of some interest, but no conclusions can be based on so small a 

 number of cases, and in the absence, in many instances, of information regarding previous 

 history. 



liana 

 statistics 



