30 niTINO ANIJ NOXIOCS IN8KCT8 OTHEU THAN M0SQUIT0K8 



however, tliey luv now siiiil to Imve left, mid to liiive gnuluiilly spreail northwiirtls, until, this 

 year, they imve rciiclii'il JclicI l)alifir. tli(iiij:;li in siiiiijj niiiiilnTS. It is tliought they go to 

 rniberenil>eita, tmt no furtiur. Wiuii tiilmte is under discussion they are said to have 

 killed quantities of eattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and dogs, specially when they first reai)peared. 

 However, now they seem less numerous, and the Nuhas are not much afraiil of thciii. At 

 Daheir I was tidd tlicre were very few there, whilst at Nying-Nying I was told exactly the 

 reverse, and specimens were dillicult to procure. They haunt the rocks ami angal hedges 

 near the villages, but animals can graze a mile or two away from them by day and lie brought 

 in after nightfall with immunity. The fly is pnscut tiiroughout the year. 'I'lic tlv licit 

 extends from a place called Kawaliii to about twenty miles soutii, and is only three or four 

 miles in breadth. Outside tlie belt no tlics are to be found, an<l there is no evidence as to 

 their existence in adjoining districts. If asked for, natives went to the villages for them, 

 and either found them in hedges, or on pigs, or amongst the rocks. The wells are usually 

 situated iialf-a-mile from the villages." 



licplying to a query, Jlajor Morant said there were no .streams or marshes in the district, 

 the oidy water to be found in the neighbourhood being that in the wells. 



On studying the map one found the region to be a short distance to the south of the 

 12th parallel of north latitude, and nearly midway between the I^Oth and 81st ilcgrecs of 

 east longitude, being just about 15U miles west of Kenk on the White Nile and nearly 

 due south of El Obeid, the capital of Kordofan. 



Hitherto the lly luis not been known to extend north of the Bahr-EI-Arab, which 

 divides Kordofan from the Uahr-El-tThazal province, so that this constitutes its most 

 northerly record for the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, and, with the possible exception of 

 Uathurst and Lake Chad, for the African Continent as well. It is interesting to find 

 that the nanii' I'mbogani is also that under wliirh it is known in the Hahr-EI-Ghazal. 

 Captain ]5rakcnbridgc in the note to which reference has been made, informeil me that 

 the native name i.s Jlboogena, the accent on the oo, which is rather short like oo in good ; 

 the g is soft. The Golo name is Ngissa, the M'Bari name is Mbili and the Dinka name is 

 Mow. Only the last of these names is given in Austen's Monograph where it is spelt Mau.* 



From data supplied by I)r. Neiive, Major Bray, JIajor Rivers, Captain Percival and 



Disiribuiion of others, I have been able to mark on the accompanying map the distribution of (/. iiior.titiiii.t 

 G. morsitans •iniTti/ii, • i t i •• 



in the Balir-Ei-(_iliazal province so far as it is at present known. In some places it is very 



numerous and it causes great loss amongst mules and donkeys. A point to which all 



the observers have directed notice is that the leading men and animals of a caravan are those 



liable to be attacked. Those in the rear escape. The fact seems worth mentioning as the 



more valuable animals may gain some protection from the position in which they are placed, 



Major Bray ami Mr. Thomas riidrd that the lly bites during the night. Bradshaw, 



Scions anil Crawshay, quoted by Austen, all refer to tlie tsetse sonietiiues feeding during 



the dark hours. 



Presence of It is only receutlv that t-iln.iKlii'i juiljuills has been provecl to exist in Su<lan territory. 



• P"!*"* Monsieur Lemaire, of the Belgian scientific expedition, informed me that it existed at Wandi 



in the Ladct Enclave and at Mvolo in the Sudan, but it was not until Major Bray sent 



a fly, with the following note, that this statement was definitely confirmed, for the fly on 



examination, proved to be a /»(//»///.<. 



• Auatcu. Muiiograpli of thu Tsetse Flics, 11)03, p. 299. 



